炭化木质素磺酸基多孔纳米复合材料对环境污染物的吸附

Jenevieve Yao, Karin Odelius, Minna Hakkarainen
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引用次数: 7

摘要

碳基吸附剂具有优异的吸附能力,使其成为修复环境污染物的理想平台。在这里,我们展示了碳化木质素磺酸盐(LS)基多孔纳米复合材料对重金属离子和阳离子染料污染物具有优异的吸附性能。采用微波辅助水热碳化的绿色方法,将木质素磺酸盐碳化成碳球。然后将ls衍生的碳球氧化成纳米氧化石墨烯(nGO)碳点。一个简单的两步程序,将nGO和明胶自组装成水凝胶前体,再加上冷冻干燥,无需使用有机溶剂或化学交联剂,即可构建三维(3D)独立多孔复合材料。与传统活性炭相比,nGO/明胶多孔复合材料具有良好的孔隙结构和丰富的表面官能团,大大促进了Cu(II)的吸附。通过木质素磺酸的非共价功能化,引入额外的表面官能团,进一步增强了吸附性能。与未官能化的nGO/明胶相比,带负电荷的磺酸基的存在使Cu(II)平衡吸附容量(66?mg/g)增加了24%。与文献中报道的许多基于石墨烯或氧化石墨烯的吸附剂相比,功能化和非功能化的复合材料都表现出明显更快的吸附速率(40?min)。除对重金属离子的吸附外,复合材料对亚甲基蓝等阳离子染料也表现出良好的吸附能力。这为木质素在环境修复中的高附加值应用铺平了道路,并为可持续吸附和水净化材料的开发开辟了新的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Carbonized lignosulfonate-based porous nanocomposites for adsorption of environmental contaminants

Carbon-based adsorbents possess exceptional adsorption capability, making them an ideal platform for the remediation of environmental contaminants. Here, we demonstrate carbonized lignosulfonate (LS)-based porous nanocomposites with excellent adsorption performance towards heavy metal ions and cationic dye pollutants. Through microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization, a green approach was employed to carbonize lignosulfonate to carbon spheres. The LS-derived carbon spheres were then oxidized into nanographene oxide (nGO) carbon dots. A facile two-step procedure that involved the self-assembly of nGO and gelatin into a hydrogel precursor coupled with freeze-drying enabled the construction of three-dimensional (3D) free-standing porous composites without the use of organic solvents or chemical crosslinking agents. The favorable pore structure and abundance of surface functional groups on the nGO/gelatin porous composite proved to substantially facilitate the adsorption of Cu(II) in comparison to conventionally-used activated carbon. Further enhancement of adsorption performance was achieved by introducing additional surface functional groups through a non-covalent functionalization of the porous composite with lignosulfonate. The presence of negatively-charged sulfonate groups increased the Cu(II) equilibrium adsorption capacity (66?mg/g) by 24% in comparison to the non-functionalized nGO/gelatin counterpart. Both functionalized and non-functionalized composites exhibited significantly faster adsorption rates (40?min) compared to many graphene- or GO-based adsorbents reported in literature. In addition to the adsorption of heavy metal ions, the composites also demonstrated good adsorption capacity towards cationic dyes such as methylene blue. This paves the way for a high value-added application of lignin in environmental remediation and opens up new possibilities for the development of sustainable materials for adsorption and water purification.

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