Expression deregulation of genes related to DNA repair and lead toxicity in occupationally exposed industrial workers.

Objective: Globally millions of people working in various industries and are exposed to different toxins which may affect their genetic stability and DNA integrity. Present study was designed to estimate the expression variation of genes related to DNA repair (XRCC1, PARP1) and lead toxicity (ALAD) in exposed industrial workers.

Methods: About 200 blood samples were collected from workers of brick kiln, welding, furniture and paint industry (50/industry) along with age and gender matched controls. mRNA expression of genes was measured using RT-PCR. Serum levels of total ROS, POD, TBAR activity was calculated. Blood lead levels were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometer.

Results: Relative expression of XRCC1 and PARP1 gene was significantly (P < 0.001) upregulated, while ALAD gene expression was downregulated in exposed group compared to control. Expression of XRCC1 and PARP1 was increased (P < 0.001) in exposed workers with > 30 year age compared to control with > 30 year age. Same was observed when < 30 year age group of control and exposed was compared. Likewise, XRCC1 and PARP1 expression was increased (P < 0.001) in exposed workers with > 30 year age compared to workers with < 30 year age. Whereas, ALAD gene showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in > 30 year age workers compared to control of same age and exposed with < 30 year of age. Relative expression of XRCC1 and PARP1 was increased (P < 0.001) in exposed smokers compared to exposed non-smokers and control smokers. Whereas, ALAD gene expression reduced (P < 0.001) significantly in both groups. Blood lead content was higher (P < 0.001) in exposed group compared to control. Strong correlation was observed between XRCC1, PARP1 and ALAD gene versus age, total exposure duration, exposure per day and lead deposition. ROS, TBARS and POD activity was higher (P < 0.01) in exposed group compared to control group.

Conclusion: Present study suggested deregulation of genes related to DNA repair and lead intoxication in exposed group compared to controls. Strong correlation was observed between selected genes and demographic parameters. Present results revealed altered activity of oxidative stress markers which would induce oxidative damage to DNA integrity and limit the function of repair enzymes.