叶酸和胆碱:在疾病的早期编程中,探戈需要两个人吗?

IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY Lifestyle Genomics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI:10.1159/000534452
Vicki Chen, Jacob L Schwartz, Clara E Cho
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:生命早期标志着一个关键时期,在这个时期,包括母体营养在内的外部影响可以塑造后代的健康轨迹。叶酸和胆碱是对胎儿发育很重要的水溶性微量营养素,参与单碳代谢。这两种营养素的摄入量通常都高于和低于建议值,包括由于广泛使用维生素补充剂和随意强化做法而过量摄入合成叶酸,而包括孕妇在内的大多数人群摄入胆碱不足。尽管有这些摄入模式,但对后代健康的长期影响在很大程度上是未知的。此外,尽管叶酸和胆碱作为甲基营养素在代谢上相互关联,但对其联合作用的关注有限。这篇综述总结了来自动物模型和人类研究的证据,这些研究调查了母亲摄入叶酸、胆碱不足或补充的作用,以及叶酸和胆碱作为后代健康和疾病调节剂的联合作用。随着最近肥胖和代谢性疾病患病率的上升,我们感兴趣的主要指标是代谢结果。综述:研究母体叶酸和/或胆碱在后代代谢表型中的作用的研究大多是在动物模型中进行的,同时考虑叶酸和胆碱的报道数量有限。叶酸和胆碱之间的相互依赖关系已在研究中得到证实,其中一种缺乏会导致另一种代谢异常。母体摄入叶酸不足和过量(不同剂量)都会增加后代肥胖的风险和代谢综合征的特征,但这些发现仅限于动物研究。胆碱的潜在代谢益处已被认为存在肥胖环境,但人类数据很少。妊娠期饮食中高叶酸摄入不平衡和胆碱不足会产生与肥胖表型一致的不良后果,而用高胆碱缩小这种不平衡会阻断这些影响。母体叶酸和/或胆碱影响后代结果的机制可能涉及DNA甲基化对基因表达的表观遗传学修饰,这种修饰可以全局性和基因特异性地改变。然而,表观遗传学编程的影响是不一致的,因为代谢产物可能会发生代偿性变化,包括肠道微生物群在内的其他贡献者可能会对机制提供更多的见解。关键信息:叶酸和/或胆碱会影响后代的长期健康,叶酸和胆碱摄入失衡可能会导致代谢后果。然而,由于各种因素影响编程效果,包括表观遗传学之外的影响,因此缺乏对机制的理解。由于叶酸和胆碱在代谢方面相互关联,未来的研究需要考虑这两种营养素,以更好地阐明健康和疾病的代谢程序。
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Folate and Choline: Does It Take Two to Tango in Early Programming of Disease?

Background: The early life period marks a critical time during which the health trajectory of offspring can be shaped by external influences including maternal nutrition. Folate and choline are water-soluble micronutrients important for fetal development and involved in one-carbon metabolism. Intakes above and below the recommendations commonly occur for both of these nutrients including over-consumption of synthetic folic acid due to widespread vitamin supplement uses and discretionary fortification practices, whereas choline is under-consumed by a majority of the populations including pregnant women. Despite these intake patterns, their long-term impact on offspring health is largely unknown. Moreover, limited attention has been on the combined effects of folate and choline despite being metabolically interrelated as methyl nutrients. This review summarizes evidence from animal models and human studies investigating the role of inadequate or supplemental maternal intakes of folic acid, choline and combined effects of folic acid, and choline as modulators of health and disease in offspring. With the recent rise in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, our primary measures of interest were metabolic outcomes.

Summary: Studies examining the role of maternal intakes of folic acid and/or choline in metabolic phenotypes of offspring have mostly been conducted in animal models with a limited number of reports that consider folate and choline together. An interdependent relationship has been demonstrated between folate and choline in studies where a deficiency in one leads to metabolic aberrations in another. Both deficient and excess maternal intakes of folic acid (in varying doses) have been shown to increase risk of obesity and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in offspring but these findings were restricted to animal studies. Potential metabolic benefits of choline have been suggested in the presence of obesogenic environment but human data were sparse. An imbalanced intake of high folic acid and inadequate choline in the gestational diet created adverse consequences consistent with the obesogenic phenotypes whereas narrowing this imbalance with high choline blocked these effects. Mechanisms by which maternal folate and/or choline influence offspring outcomes may involve epigenetic modification of gene expression with DNA methylation that can be altered globally and gene-specifically. However, the effects of epigenetic programming were inconsistent as compensatory changes in metabolic products may occur and other contributors including the gut microbiota may provide additional insights into the mechanisms.

Key messages: Maternal intakes of folic acid and/or choline can impact offspring's long-term health, with metabolic consequences that may arise from imbalances between folate and choline. However, there is a paucity of mechanistic understanding as various contributors influence programming effects including those beyond epigenetics. As folate and choline are metabolically interrelated, future studies need to consider both nutrients to better elucidate metabolic programming of health and disease.

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来源期刊
Lifestyle Genomics
Lifestyle Genomics Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
7.70%
发文量
11
审稿时长
28 weeks
期刊介绍: Lifestyle Genomics aims to provide a forum for highlighting new advances in the broad area of lifestyle-gene interactions and their influence on health and disease. The journal welcomes novel contributions that investigate how genetics may influence a person’s response to lifestyle factors, such as diet and nutrition, natural health products, physical activity, and sleep, amongst others. Additionally, contributions examining how lifestyle factors influence the expression/abundance of genes, proteins and metabolites in cell and animal models as well as in humans are also of interest. The journal will publish high-quality original research papers, brief research communications, reviews outlining timely advances in the field, and brief research methods pertaining to lifestyle genomics. It will also include a unique section under the heading “Market Place” presenting articles of companies active in the area of lifestyle genomics. Research articles will undergo rigorous scientific as well as statistical/bioinformatic review to ensure excellence.
期刊最新文献
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