In situ capping of silver nanoparticles with cellulosic matrices from wheat straws in enhancing their antimicrobial activity: Synthesis and characterization.

Silver nanoparticles have gained worldwide attention in the scientific community due to their high antimicrobial activity. However, they tend to agglomerate and lose their shape and properties, thus capping agents necessary to protect their shapes, sizes, and properties. To enhance their antimicrobial activity, this research aimed to cap silver nanoparticles with cellulosic matrices from wheat straws. The wheat straw was delignified with 6% HNO_3, and the residual was treated with 1% NaOH and NaClO: CH₃COOH (1:1), then used to synthesize cellulose nanocrystals via acid hydrolysis. AgNPs were incorporated into the CPC and CNCs by in-situ synthesis using NaHB₄ as the reducing agent. Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate their features. The findings exhibited crystallinity increased with subsequent treatments, according to XRD analysis. Ultraviolet-visible, FTIR, TEM, and XRD analysis confirmed the capping of AgNPs onto the cellulosic materials. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with CNCs-AgNPs composite, exhibited higher activity compared to CPC-AgNPs composite due to the increased surface area and excellent binding on the surface of the composite.