Mohammad Shahid , Mohammad Tarique Zeyad , Asad Syed , Ali H. Bahkali , John Pichtel , Meenakshi Verma
{"title":"使用一组体外生物测定法评估两种杀虫剂的植物毒性和细胞遗传毒性。","authors":"Mohammad Shahid , Mohammad Tarique Zeyad , Asad Syed , Ali H. Bahkali , John Pichtel , Meenakshi Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503688","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture poses environmental risks and may have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. The potential phytotoxicity of two chemical pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPS) and fensulfothion (FSN), were evaluated using <em>Cicer arietinum</em> and <em>Allium cepa</em> as model crops. Different concentrations (0–100 μgmL<sup>-1</sup>) of both CPS and FSN decreased germination and biological attributes of <em>C. arietinum</em>. High pesticide doses significantly (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) caused membrane damage by producing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increasing proline (<em>Pro</em>) content. Pesticides elevated ROS levels and substantially increased the superoxide anions and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations, thus aggravating cell injury. Plants exposed to high pesticide dosages displayed significantly higher antioxidant levels to combat pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 48%, 93%, 71%, 52% and 94%, respectively, in <em>C. arietinum</em> roots exposed to 100 µgFSNmL<sup>-1</sup>. Under CLSM, pesticide-exposed <em>C. arietinum</em> and 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (2’7’-DCF) and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine stained roots exhibited increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, enhanced Rhodamine 123 (Rhd 123) and Evan's blue fluorescence in roots, as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ<em>m</em>) and cellular apoptosis, were both associated with high pesticide dose. <em>Allium cepa</em> chromosomal aberration (CAs) assay showed a clear reduction in mitotic index (MI) and numerous chromosomal anomalies in root meristematic cells. Additionally, a-dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in root meristematic cells of <em>A. cepa</em> and conversion of the super-coiled form of DNA to open circular in pBR322 plasmid revealed the genotoxic potential of pesticides. The application of CPS and FSN suggests phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects that emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of current pesticide level in soil before application and addition at optimal levels to soil-plant system. It is appropriate to prepare both target-specific and slow-release agrochemical formulations for crop protection with concurrent safeguarding of agroecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18799,"journal":{"name":"Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis","volume":"891 ","pages":"Article 503688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessing phytotoxicity and cyto-genotoxicity of two insecticides using a battery of in-vitro biological assays\",\"authors\":\"Mohammad Shahid , Mohammad Tarique Zeyad , Asad Syed , Ali H. Bahkali , John Pichtel , Meenakshi Verma\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503688\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Intensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture poses environmental risks and may have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. The potential phytotoxicity of two chemical pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPS) and fensulfothion (FSN), were evaluated using <em>Cicer arietinum</em> and <em>Allium cepa</em> as model crops. Different concentrations (0–100 μgmL<sup>-1</sup>) of both CPS and FSN decreased germination and biological attributes of <em>C. arietinum</em>. High pesticide doses significantly (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) caused membrane damage by producing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increasing proline (<em>Pro</em>) content. Pesticides elevated ROS levels and substantially increased the superoxide anions and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations, thus aggravating cell injury. Plants exposed to high pesticide dosages displayed significantly higher antioxidant levels to combat pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 48%, 93%, 71%, 52% and 94%, respectively, in <em>C. arietinum</em> roots exposed to 100 µgFSNmL<sup>-1</sup>. Under CLSM, pesticide-exposed <em>C. arietinum</em> and 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (2’7’-DCF) and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine stained roots exhibited increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, enhanced Rhodamine 123 (Rhd 123) and Evan's blue fluorescence in roots, as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ<em>m</em>) and cellular apoptosis, were both associated with high pesticide dose. <em>Allium cepa</em> chromosomal aberration (CAs) assay showed a clear reduction in mitotic index (MI) and numerous chromosomal anomalies in root meristematic cells. Additionally, a-dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in root meristematic cells of <em>A. cepa</em> and conversion of the super-coiled form of DNA to open circular in pBR322 plasmid revealed the genotoxic potential of pesticides. The application of CPS and FSN suggests phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects that emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of current pesticide level in soil before application and addition at optimal levels to soil-plant system. It is appropriate to prepare both target-specific and slow-release agrochemical formulations for crop protection with concurrent safeguarding of agroecosystems.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18799,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Mutation research. 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Assessing phytotoxicity and cyto-genotoxicity of two insecticides using a battery of in-vitro biological assays
Intensive use of chemical pesticides in agriculture poses environmental risks and may have negative impacts on agricultural productivity. The potential phytotoxicity of two chemical pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPS) and fensulfothion (FSN), were evaluated using Cicer arietinum and Allium cepa as model crops. Different concentrations (0–100 μgmL-1) of both CPS and FSN decreased germination and biological attributes of C. arietinum. High pesticide doses significantly (p ≤ 0.05) caused membrane damage by producing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increasing proline (Pro) content. Pesticides elevated ROS levels and substantially increased the superoxide anions and H2O2 concentrations, thus aggravating cell injury. Plants exposed to high pesticide dosages displayed significantly higher antioxidant levels to combat pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 48%, 93%, 71%, 52% and 94%, respectively, in C. arietinum roots exposed to 100 µgFSNmL-1. Under CLSM, pesticide-exposed C. arietinum and 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (2’7’-DCF) and 3,3’-diaminobenzidine stained roots exhibited increased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, enhanced Rhodamine 123 (Rhd 123) and Evan's blue fluorescence in roots, as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cellular apoptosis, were both associated with high pesticide dose. Allium cepa chromosomal aberration (CAs) assay showed a clear reduction in mitotic index (MI) and numerous chromosomal anomalies in root meristematic cells. Additionally, a-dose-dependent increase in DNA damage in root meristematic cells of A. cepa and conversion of the super-coiled form of DNA to open circular in pBR322 plasmid revealed the genotoxic potential of pesticides. The application of CPS and FSN suggests phytotoxic and cyto-genotoxic effects that emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of current pesticide level in soil before application and addition at optimal levels to soil-plant system. It is appropriate to prepare both target-specific and slow-release agrochemical formulations for crop protection with concurrent safeguarding of agroecosystems.
期刊介绍：
Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis (MRGTEM) publishes papers advancing knowledge in the field of genetic toxicology. Papers are welcomed in the following areas:
New developments in genotoxicity testing of chemical agents (e.g. improvements in methodology of assay systems and interpretation of results).
Alternatives to and refinement of the use of animals in genotoxicity testing.
Nano-genotoxicology, the study of genotoxicity hazards and risks related to novel man-made nanomaterials.
Studies of epigenetic changes in relation to genotoxic effects.
The use of structure-activity relationships in predicting genotoxic effects.
The isolation and chemical characterization of novel environmental mutagens.
The measurement of genotoxic effects in human populations, when accompanied by quantitative measurements of environmental or occupational exposures.
The application of novel technologies for assessing the hazard and risks associated with genotoxic substances (e.g. OMICS or other high-throughput approaches to genotoxicity testing).
MRGTEM is now accepting submissions for a new section of the journal: Current Topics in Genotoxicity Testing, that will be dedicated to the discussion of current issues relating to design, interpretation and strategic use of genotoxicity tests. This section is envisaged to include discussions relating to the development of new international testing guidelines, but also to wider topics in the field. The evaluation of contrasting or opposing viewpoints is welcomed as long as the presentation is in accordance with the journal''s aims, scope, and policies.
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