Diagnostic accuracy of antiendomysial antibodies biopsy test for celiac disease in clinical practice.

Background: The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is still challenging and tests that show an activation of the immune system against gluten are required. IgA antiendomysial antibodies detection in the supernatant of intestinal biopsies by immunofluorescence technique (AEA-biopsy) is a promising diagnostic tool. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of AEA-biopsy in a pediatric population with suspected CD.

Methods: All children who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Unit of Pediatrics of Treviso Hospital were enrolled and divided into 4 groups: classical CD, CD excluded, potential CD and control group. For each patient, serum autoantibodies and histological evaluation were determined. Two additional biopsy samples were taken to test for presence of AEA.

Results: A total of 92 patients were enrolled. All the classical CD cases (38) had a positive AEA-biopsy. In the CD excluded group (10 in total) AEA-biopsy was negative in all patients except 1. Among potential CD patients (which were 14), AEA-biopsy was negative in 4. In the control group (30 patients) AEA-biopsy was negative in all patients except 1. The sensitivity and specificity of AEA-biopsy were 100% and 96% respectively.

Conclusions: AEA-biopsy has an excellent diagnostic accuracy in a routine clinical setting.