Monaural and dichotic forward masking in the dolphin's auditory system.

Short-latency auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded non-invasively in the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. The stimuli were two sound clicks that were played either monaurally (both clicks to one and the same acoustic window) or dichotically (the leading stimulus (masker) to one acoustic window and the delayed stimulus (test) to the other window). The ratio of the levels of the two stimuli was 0, 10, or 20 dB (at 10 and 20 dB, the leading stimulus was of a higher level). The inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) varied from 0.15 to 10 ms. The test response magnitude was assessed by correlation analysis as a percentage of the control (non-masked) response. At monaural stimulation, the test response was of a constant magnitude (5-6% of the control) at ISIs of 0.15-0.3 ms and recovered at longer ISIs. At dichotic stimulation, the deepest suppression of the test response occurred at ISIs of 0.5-0.7 ms. The response was slightly suppressed at short ISIs (0.15-0.3 ms) and recovered at ISIs longer than 0.5-0.7 ms. The relation of parameters of the forward masking to echolocation in dolphins is discussed.