通过引导多能干细胞分化和直接体细胞重新编程产生视网膜。

Ke Zhang, Wenwen Cai, Leyi Hu, Shuyi Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

视网膜变性疾病影响着全世界数百万人,但却是最难治愈的眼病之一。研究这些致盲疾病的机制和开发新的治疗方法需要研究人员接触到许多视网膜细胞。近年来,生物技术领域通过程序化的顺序干细胞分化或直接的体细胞谱系重编程,在体外产生视网膜细胞甚至组织方面取得了重大进展。研究人员越来越多地利用这些体外产生的视网膜细胞与天然细胞的相似性。在这些体外视网膜模型的帮助下,我们现在对人类视网膜和视网膜疾病有了更好的了解。此外,这些体外产生的视网膜细胞可以用作供体细胞,这解决了视网膜变性疾病细胞替代疗法发展中的一个主要障碍,同时为患有这些疾病的患者提供了一个有前途的选择。在这篇综述中,我们总结了多能干细胞向视网膜细胞分化方法的发展,通过直接体细胞重编程产生视网膜细胞的最新进展,以及体外产生的视网膜细胞的翻译应用。最后,我们讨论了当前协议的局限性以及未来可能的改进方向。
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Generating Retinas through Guided Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation and Direct Somatic Cell Reprogramming.

Retinal degeneration diseases affect millions of people worldwide but are among the most difficult eye diseases to cure. Studying the mechanisms and developing new therapies for these blinding diseases requires researchers to have access to many retinal cells. In recent years there has been substantial advances in the field of biotechnology in generating retinal cells and even tissues in vitro, either through programmed sequential stem cell differentiation or direct somatic cell lineage reprogramming. The resemblance of these in vitro-generated retinal cells to native cells has been increasingly utilized by researchers. With the help of these in vitro retinal models, we now have a better understanding of human retinas and retinal diseases. Furthermore, these in vitro-generated retinal cells can be used as donor cells which solves a major hurdle in the development of cell replacement therapy for retinal degeneration diseases, while providing a promising option for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we summarize the development of pluripotent stem cell-to-retinal cell differentiation methods, the recent advances in generating retinal cells through direct somatic cell reprogramming, and the translational applications of retinal cells generated in vitro. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current protocols and possible future directions for improvement.

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