Deciphering the Immune Complexity of Esophageal Achalasia.

infiltration is a known characteristic of EA, with eosinophils accumulating in the lower esophageal sphincter. Surprisingly, this study revealed a reduction in peripheral eosinophil counts in EA patients, particularly in those with severe symptoms. This discrepancy between local and systemic eosinophil levels suggests a complex relationship between tissue-specific immune responses and peripheral immune regulation. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EA, the researchers conducted RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells. This analysis identified 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EA. These DEGs were linked to various immune-related processes, including humoral immune responses, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and complement activa-JNM