{"title":"野生北方灰长臂猿(Hylobates funereus)的非攻击性群体间相互作用","authors":"Yoichi Inoue, Waidi Sinun, Kazuo Okanoya","doi":"10.1007/s10211-023-00415-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gibbons exhibit territorial behavior, and mated pairs defend exclusive territories. However, reports on contacts with neighbors near or outside the respective range boundaries are scarce because observing unhabituated neighboring groups is difficult. Studies of encounters have yielded a wide range of observations (aggressive, neutral, communicative, or affiliative) across gibbon species and geographic regions. As it is important to understand behavioral ecology and social relationships among gibbon groups, we studied three Northern Gray gibbon groups (<i>Hylobates funereus</i>) in the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), Malaysia and observed their interactions with neighboring groups. From 2001 to 2020, three groups were followed for 162 days (2236.4 h), and we observed 30 instances of encounters at the range boundary or intrusions between a study group and a respective neighboring group. Neutral or communicative encounters were observed in most cases, with the exception of one instance of aggressive encounter (chasing). Gibbons interacted through particular vocalizations (termed songs) in many cases. We report details of some characteristic interactions among gibbon groups during encounters at the range boundary or intrusions. Regarding intrusions, we observed an unusual instance where a neighboring group intruded deep into the study group’s territory, and the neighboring group did not respond to the songs of the resident group. Considering that no physical fighting occurred during encounters or intrusions, gibbon groups in the DVCA seem to be non-aggressive toward each other. We briefly discuss possible explanations for such non-aggressive relationships among gibbon groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":6879,"journal":{"name":"acta ethologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Non-aggressive inter-group interactions in wild Northern Gray gibbons (Hylobates funereus)\",\"authors\":\"Yoichi Inoue, Waidi Sinun, Kazuo Okanoya\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10211-023-00415-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Gibbons exhibit territorial behavior, and mated pairs defend exclusive territories. However, reports on contacts with neighbors near or outside the respective range boundaries are scarce because observing unhabituated neighboring groups is difficult. Studies of encounters have yielded a wide range of observations (aggressive, neutral, communicative, or affiliative) across gibbon species and geographic regions. As it is important to understand behavioral ecology and social relationships among gibbon groups, we studied three Northern Gray gibbon groups (<i>Hylobates funereus</i>) in the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), Malaysia and observed their interactions with neighboring groups. From 2001 to 2020, three groups were followed for 162 days (2236.4 h), and we observed 30 instances of encounters at the range boundary or intrusions between a study group and a respective neighboring group. Neutral or communicative encounters were observed in most cases, with the exception of one instance of aggressive encounter (chasing). Gibbons interacted through particular vocalizations (termed songs) in many cases. We report details of some characteristic interactions among gibbon groups during encounters at the range boundary or intrusions. Regarding intrusions, we observed an unusual instance where a neighboring group intruded deep into the study group’s territory, and the neighboring group did not respond to the songs of the resident group. Considering that no physical fighting occurred during encounters or intrusions, gibbon groups in the DVCA seem to be non-aggressive toward each other. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
长臂猿表现出领土行为,交配对捍卫专属领地。然而,关于在各自的范围边界附近或之外与邻居接触的报道很少,因为观察不习惯的邻居群体是困难的。对相遇的研究产生了广泛的观察结果(攻击性、中性、交流性或亲缘性),跨越了长臂猿物种和地理区域。为了了解长臂猿类群之间的行为生态学和社会关系,我们对马来西亚Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA)的3个北方灰长臂猿类群(hyloates funereus)进行了研究,并观察了它们与邻近类群的相互作用。从2001年到2020年,我们对三个研究组进行了162天(2236.4 h)的随访,观察到30例研究组与相邻组之间在范围边界或入侵处的相遇。在大多数情况下,中性或交流的遭遇被观察到,除了一次攻击性的遭遇(追逐)。在许多情况下,长臂猿通过特定的发声(称为歌曲)进行互动。我们报告了长臂猿群在范围边界或入侵相遇时的一些特征相互作用的细节。关于入侵,我们观察到一个不寻常的例子,一个邻近的群体侵入了学习小组的领地深处,而邻近的群体对常驻群体的歌声没有反应。考虑到在遭遇或入侵时没有发生肢体冲突,DVCA中的长臂猿群体似乎对彼此没有攻击性。我们简要地讨论了长臂猿群体之间这种非攻击性关系的可能解释。
Non-aggressive inter-group interactions in wild Northern Gray gibbons (Hylobates funereus)
Gibbons exhibit territorial behavior, and mated pairs defend exclusive territories. However, reports on contacts with neighbors near or outside the respective range boundaries are scarce because observing unhabituated neighboring groups is difficult. Studies of encounters have yielded a wide range of observations (aggressive, neutral, communicative, or affiliative) across gibbon species and geographic regions. As it is important to understand behavioral ecology and social relationships among gibbon groups, we studied three Northern Gray gibbon groups (Hylobates funereus) in the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), Malaysia and observed their interactions with neighboring groups. From 2001 to 2020, three groups were followed for 162 days (2236.4 h), and we observed 30 instances of encounters at the range boundary or intrusions between a study group and a respective neighboring group. Neutral or communicative encounters were observed in most cases, with the exception of one instance of aggressive encounter (chasing). Gibbons interacted through particular vocalizations (termed songs) in many cases. We report details of some characteristic interactions among gibbon groups during encounters at the range boundary or intrusions. Regarding intrusions, we observed an unusual instance where a neighboring group intruded deep into the study group’s territory, and the neighboring group did not respond to the songs of the resident group. Considering that no physical fighting occurred during encounters or intrusions, gibbon groups in the DVCA seem to be non-aggressive toward each other. We briefly discuss possible explanations for such non-aggressive relationships among gibbon groups.
期刊介绍:
acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals.
The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics.
acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)