Predicting solutions of the Lotka‐Volterra equation using hybrid deep network

Prediction of Lotka-Volterra equations has always been a complex problem due to their dynamic properties. In this paper, we present an algorithm for predicting the Lotka-Volterra equation and investigate the prediction for both the original system and the system driven by noise. This demonstrates that deep learning can be applied in dynamics of population. This is the first study that uses deep learning algorithms to predict Lotka-Volterra equations. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performances of the proposed algorithm, including Predator nonlinear breeding and prey competition systems, one prey and two predator competition systems, and their respective systems. All the results suggest that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective for predicting Lotka-Volterra equations. Furthermore, the influence of the optimizer on the algorithm is discussed in detail. These results indicate that the performance of the machine learning technique can be improved by constructing the neural networks appropriately.