“伟大的智慧”:福尔摩斯的性格、智慧和天才

IF 0.1 N/A HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Victoriographies-A Journal of Nineteenth-Century Writing 1790-1914 Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.3366/vic.2023.0493
Naomi Michalowicz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自从福尔摩斯第一次出现在印刷品上以来,他一直是文学界的天才。但是,在一个越来越多地将智力概念化为可量化和可测量现象的世界里,“天才”意味着什么?本文在理解人类智慧的方式发生革命的背景下,探讨了福尔摩斯智慧的特征 – 弗朗西斯·加尔顿1869年的《遗传天才》引发的一场革命,1905年智商测试的发明标志着这场革命。这一历史背景将福尔摩斯的角色置于智力概念转变的关键,因为它包含了一个文化摇摆的时刻,“天才”是一种神秘的品质或天赋,而“天才”则是一个高于平均水平的数字。最终,本文认为,福尔摩斯故事中这些相互竞争的智力表征模式,一方面揭示了刻画不可通约个性的小说理想与智力智商模型的去个性化趋势之间的根本冲突。
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‘Magnificent Intellect’: Character, Intelligence, and Genius in Sherlock Holmes
Since his first appearances in print, Sherlock Holmes has served as literature’s resident genius. But what does ‘genius’ mean in a world that increasingly conceptualises intelligence as a quantifiable and measurable phenomenon? This essay considers the characterisation of Holmes’s intelligence in the context of a revolution in the way human intelligence is understood – a revolution instigated by Francis Galton’s 1869 Hereditary Genius and emblematised by the invention of the IQ test in 1905. This historical context situates Holmes’s character at the crux of a shift in the conception of intelligence, as encapsulating a moment of cultural wavering between ‘genius’ as a mysterious quality or gift, and ‘genius’ as a higher-than-average number on a scale. Ultimately, this essay suggests that these competing models of the characterisation of intelligence in the Holmes stories illuminate a fundamental clash between the novelistic ideal of portraying incommensurable individuality on the one hand, and the de-individualising trend of the IQ model of intelligence on the other.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
32
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