Sîn City:月神笔记Ḫ帕托罗马时期的arrān/Carrhae

Q2 Arts and Humanities Electrum Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI:10.4467/20800909el.23.011.17328
Michael Blömer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

今天的城市Ḫarrān/Carrhae主要因著名的战役而闻名,在这场战役中,罗马将军克拉苏于公元前53年被帕提亚军队击败。然而Ḫ阿伦也是美索不达米亚北部最重要的宗教中心之一。自青铜时代以来Ḫarrān在更广泛的地区很受欢迎,众所周知,已故亚述国王和巴比伦国王支持该邪教,并重建了Sîn神庙。考古证据和书面资料证明了Sîn ofḪ当时的阿然。关于邪教在随后时期的发展,人们知之甚少,但本文中收集的证据表明,它继续蓬勃发展。研究Sîn的一个重要但迄今为止基本上被忽视的来源是硬币,这些硬币是在Ḫ公元二世纪和三世纪的阿。他们认为,铁器时代邪教的一些独特特征在罗马时期仍然存在。在这方面最重要的是基督教象征主义占主导地位。一种崇拜的标准,地球仪上的新月形,柱子上的流苏,仍然是上帝的主要象征。此外,神的拟人形象的两个版本可以追溯到Ḫarrān。第一个展示了他是一个登基的成熟男人。这是以宙斯的模型为基础的,但他的属性将神视为Sîn。第二个版本把他描绘成一个年轻、没有胡子的神。晚期的古董资料经常提到Ḫarrān仍然信奉异教徒,但这些说法的真实性必须受到质疑。对文学和考古证据的重新评估表明,异教徒在Ḫarrān是夸张的,并被对Ḫ来自邻近城市埃德萨的作家中的arrān。
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Sîn City: Notes on the Moon God of Ḫarrān/Carrhae in the Partho-Roman Period
Today the city of Ḫarrān/Carrhae is mainly known for the famous battle, in which the Roman general Crassus was defeated by a Parthian army in 53 BCE. However, Ḫarrān was also one of the most important religious centres of North Mesopotamia. Since the Bronze Age, the moon god Sîn of Ḫarrān was popular in the wider region, and it is well known that the late Assyrian and Baby- lonian kings supported the cult and rebuilt the temple of Sîn. Archaeological evidence and written sources attest to the great popularity of Sîn of Ḫarrān at that time. Much less is known about the development of the cult in the subsequent periods, but the evidence assembled in this paper in- dicates that it continued to thrive. An important but so far largely ignored source for the study of Sîn are coins, which were minted at Ḫarrān in the second and third century CE. They suggest that some distinctive features of the Iron Age cult still existed in the Roman period. Most important in this regard is the predominance of aniconic symbolism. A cult standard, a crescent on a globe with tassels mounted on a pole, continued to be the main of representation of the god. In addition, two versions of an anthropomorphic image of the god can be traced in the coinage of Ḫarrān. The first shows him as an enthroned mature man. It is based on the model of Zeus, but his attributes iden- tify the god as Sîn. The second version portrays him as a youthful, beardless god. Late antique sources frequently mention that the people of Ḫarrān remained attached to pagan religion, but the veracity of these accounts must be questioned. A reassessment of the literary and archaeological evidence suggests that the accounts of a pagan survival at Ḫarrān are hyperbolic and exacer ated by negative sentiments towards Ḫarrān among writer from the neighbouring city of Edessa.
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来源期刊
Electrum
Electrum Arts and Humanities-Classics
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: Electrum has been published since 1997 by the Department of Ancient History at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow as a collection of papers and monographs. In 2010 it starts as journal with one monographic issue per year. Journal publishes scholarly papers embodying studies in history and culture of Greece, Rome and Near East from the beginning of the First Millennium BC to about AD 400. Contributions are written in English, German, French and Italian. The journal publishes books reviews.
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