Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) for Dialysis Patients: A Step Forward

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) refers to the use of portable ultrasound systems by clinicians at a patient’s bedside for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is not a substitute but rather a complement to clinical examination, and contrary to the classic ultrasound examination performed by radiologists, POCUS is not a detailed morphologic examination but focuses on answering specific clinical questions in an effort to reduce time to diagnosis and treatment, improve patient safety and decrease complication rates. In this article, we present the POCUS in hemodialysis units for and beyond vascular-access purposes, arguing that its implementation will help the practicing nephrologist who is treating hemodialysis patients on a daily basis to rapidly and efficiently answer several clinical questions that are common to dialysis patients, such as vascular-access assessment and cannulation, and assessment of volume status. POCUS aims to answer specific clinical questions, so a question-answer format is used. This review is divided in two parts. In the first part we will answer specific clinical questions exclusively concerning vascular access. The second part is dedicated to the use of POCUS for the assessment of volume status and dry-weight determination.