Power electronics‐interfaced cyber‐physical power systems: A review on modeling, simulation, and cybersecurity

We present the review of two interlinked challenges in modern electric power systems: the transformation to a cyber‐physical system, and the integration of power electronics‐interfaced renewables. Electric power systems are being modernized with the integration of power electronics‐interfaced devices (PEID) and communication‐enabled cyber‐applications. This paper reviews the concepts, studies, and testbeds for cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS), as well as the modeling of power electronics‐based devices for physical power system stability simulations. The CPPS concept is introduced in the National Institute of Standard Technology framework for cyber‐physical systems, with an emphasis on CPPS subsystems. For the physical subsystem, PEID components are generalized into the primary source and the grid interface, while controllers are generalized as a reference generator and a reference tracker. Next, the cybersecurity research objectives are summarized, followed by a categorization of CPPS studies. Further, testbed techniques for integrating communication networks with power system simulation are reviewed. Also, challenges and future directions in the area of CPPS are discussed.