前言

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY American Journal of Science Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI:10.2475/06.2021.11
Tsung-Pin Chen, Chih-Lung Lin, Kuo-Chin Fan, Wanzun Lin
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This forms an integral part of the oldest and best-preserved volcano-sedimentary sequence on Earth. Utilizing rare low-strain zones, accompanied by new and published geochronology, the authors endeavor to unravel the stratigraphy of the arc. The lowermost mafic unit contains pillow lavas, indicating a subaqueous depositional environment. The overlying formation commences with a unit of fuchsitic quartzite, overlain by various carbonate and silicate units; some with relict sedimentary structures. There is an upward transition to chemical sediments and then into units showing a greater influx of felsic volcanic components. The uppermost unit is felsic, with both lavas and pyroclastic rocks, interpreted as forming in an arc. The authors therefore support a plate tectonic scenario and not a stagnant lid environment for the early Eoarchean of Greenland. Xiao Wang and co-workers investigate Archean/Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Khondalite Belt, which marks the Paleoproterozoic collision zone between the Yinshan and Ordos blocks, and is located in the western block of the North China Craton. The authors describe TTG rocks of I-type affinity in the Daqingshan Complex, whose ages straddle the Archean/Proterozoic boundary and define oceanic subduction beneath the southern margin of the Yinshan Block. Docking of the Ordos Block led to closure of the ocean with the TTG rocks undergoing high-grade metamorphism between 1.95-1.85 Ga. In a companion paper, Xiao Wang and co-workers analyze and date high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Daqingshan Complex, interpreted as bimodal volcanics that formed in a back arc setting prior to the collision of the Yinshan and Ordos block, as detailed above. The volcanic rocks formed between 2.47-2.40 Ga and were metamorphosed at high grade between 1.95-1.85 Ga, similar to the TTG rocks in the complex. This latter event is one of the global collisions marking assembly of Colombia/Nuna. In another paper on the North China Craton where Alfred worked extensively, Yue-Lan Kang and co-workers investigate the late Mesozoic granitoids to the east and west of the Tan-Lu Fault, one of the most significant late Phanerozoic structures in China. In the Taihang Mountains to the west, granitoid magma is interpreted to have formed by a mixture of basaltic underplate and melt derived from the lower crust. To the east of the fault at Yunmengshan, the magmas were more variable, interpreted as being related to Paleo-Pacific subduction and the onset of lithospheric delamination beneath the eastern North China Craton. The authors further argue that the Tan-Lu Fault zone was a controlling factor in transporting both magma and fluids from the mantle. The final paper on Chinese geology takes us to the North Altyn Tagh Orogen in the SE of the Tarim Craton. Here, Qian Liu and co-workers use whole-rock and mineral geochemistry, together with zircon U/Pb geochronology, to investigate one of a series of early Paleozoic ophiolites. The Hongliugou ophiolitic mélange contains 490 Ma gabbro and 480 Ma diabase, derived from a depleted MORB-source mantle, variously metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

这是朋友和同事提交的三期《美国科学杂志》中的第二期,以纪念阿尔弗雷德·克罗纳,他在2019年80岁生日前几个月去世。阿尔弗雷德以其无穷的精力和奉献精神,尤其是他应用详细的实地调查和微观分析来解决更大的问题,在地球科学界留下了不可磨灭的印记。正如副标题“从陨石坑到奥罗根斯”所表明的那样,阿尔弗雷德一直意识到他的作品与全球事件的关系,这一点在本卷的九篇论文中得到了反映。Allen Nutman及其同事的第一篇论文概述了西格陵兰岛Isua Greenstone带3.8 Ga外弧。这是地球上最古老、保存最完好的火山沉积序列的组成部分。作者利用罕见的低应变带,结合新的和已发表的地质年代学,努力揭示弧的地层学。最下面的镁铁质单元包含枕状熔岩,表明存在水下沉积环境。上覆地层以紫红色石英岩单元开始,上覆各种碳酸盐和硅酸盐单元;一些带有残余沉积结构。向上过渡到化学沉积物,然后进入长英质火山成分大量涌入的单元。最上面的单元是长英质,包括熔岩和火山碎屑岩,被解释为形成弧形。因此,作者支持格陵兰早太古代的板块构造场景,而不是停滞的盖层环境。小王及其同事研究了孔达岩带中的太古宙/古元古代岩石,孔达岩地带标志着阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块之间的古元古代碰撞带,位于华北克拉通西部地块。作者描述了大青山杂岩中I型亲和TTG岩石,其年龄跨越太古宙/元古代边界,并确定了阴山地块南缘下的海洋俯冲。鄂尔多斯地块的对接导致了海洋的闭合,TTG岩石在1.95-1.85 Ga之间经历了高级变质作用。在一篇配套论文中,小王及其同事分析并确定了大青山杂岩的高级变质岩的年代,这些岩石被解释为阴山和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞前在弧后环境中形成的双峰火山岩,如上所述。火山岩形成于2.47-2.40 Ga之间,在1.95-1.85 Ga之间发生高品位变质,类似于杂岩中的TTG岩石。后一项活动是哥伦比亚/努纳全球碰撞标志大会之一。在另一篇关于Alfred广泛工作的华北克拉通的论文中,Yue Lan Kang及其同事研究了中国最重要的晚显生宙构造之一——郯庐断裂东部和西部的中生代晚期花岗岩。在西部太行山区,花岗岩类岩浆被认为是由玄武岩底板和下地壳熔体的混合物形成的。在云梦山断层以东,岩浆的变化更大,被解释为与古太平洋俯冲和华北克拉通东部下方岩石圈分层的开始有关。作者进一步认为郯庐断裂带是地幔岩浆和流体运移的控制因素。最后一篇关于中国地质学的论文将我们带到塔里木克拉通东南部的北阿尔金-塔格造山带。在这里,钱柳及其同事利用全岩和矿物地球化学,以及锆石U/Pb地质年代学,研究了一系列早古生代蛇绿岩之一。红柳沟蛇绿混杂岩包含490 Ma辉长岩和480 Ma辉绿岩,来源于贫化的MORB源地幔,被俯冲相关流体进行了各种交代。当与该地区其他蛇绿岩的结果相结合时,他们认为520-510 Ma的蛇绿岩代表初始俯冲,490-480 Ma的
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Foreword
This is the second of three issues of American Journal of Science in which the papers have been submitted by friends and colleagues as a mark of respect to Alfred Kroner, who passed away just a few months before his 80 birthday in 2019. Alfred has left an indelible mark on the geoscience community, with his boundless energy and dedication, and especially his application of detailed fieldwork and microanalysis to solve the bigger issues. As the subtitle ‘From Cratons to Orogens’ indicates, Alfred was always cognizant of how his work related to global events, and this is reflected by the nine papers that constitute this volume. The first paper by Allen Nutman and co-workers presents an overview of the 3.8 Ga Outer Arc of the Isua Greenstone Belt in West Greenland. This forms an integral part of the oldest and best-preserved volcano-sedimentary sequence on Earth. Utilizing rare low-strain zones, accompanied by new and published geochronology, the authors endeavor to unravel the stratigraphy of the arc. The lowermost mafic unit contains pillow lavas, indicating a subaqueous depositional environment. The overlying formation commences with a unit of fuchsitic quartzite, overlain by various carbonate and silicate units; some with relict sedimentary structures. There is an upward transition to chemical sediments and then into units showing a greater influx of felsic volcanic components. The uppermost unit is felsic, with both lavas and pyroclastic rocks, interpreted as forming in an arc. The authors therefore support a plate tectonic scenario and not a stagnant lid environment for the early Eoarchean of Greenland. Xiao Wang and co-workers investigate Archean/Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Khondalite Belt, which marks the Paleoproterozoic collision zone between the Yinshan and Ordos blocks, and is located in the western block of the North China Craton. The authors describe TTG rocks of I-type affinity in the Daqingshan Complex, whose ages straddle the Archean/Proterozoic boundary and define oceanic subduction beneath the southern margin of the Yinshan Block. Docking of the Ordos Block led to closure of the ocean with the TTG rocks undergoing high-grade metamorphism between 1.95-1.85 Ga. In a companion paper, Xiao Wang and co-workers analyze and date high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Daqingshan Complex, interpreted as bimodal volcanics that formed in a back arc setting prior to the collision of the Yinshan and Ordos block, as detailed above. The volcanic rocks formed between 2.47-2.40 Ga and were metamorphosed at high grade between 1.95-1.85 Ga, similar to the TTG rocks in the complex. This latter event is one of the global collisions marking assembly of Colombia/Nuna. In another paper on the North China Craton where Alfred worked extensively, Yue-Lan Kang and co-workers investigate the late Mesozoic granitoids to the east and west of the Tan-Lu Fault, one of the most significant late Phanerozoic structures in China. In the Taihang Mountains to the west, granitoid magma is interpreted to have formed by a mixture of basaltic underplate and melt derived from the lower crust. To the east of the fault at Yunmengshan, the magmas were more variable, interpreted as being related to Paleo-Pacific subduction and the onset of lithospheric delamination beneath the eastern North China Craton. The authors further argue that the Tan-Lu Fault zone was a controlling factor in transporting both magma and fluids from the mantle. The final paper on Chinese geology takes us to the North Altyn Tagh Orogen in the SE of the Tarim Craton. Here, Qian Liu and co-workers use whole-rock and mineral geochemistry, together with zircon U/Pb geochronology, to investigate one of a series of early Paleozoic ophiolites. The Hongliugou ophiolitic mélange contains 490 Ma gabbro and 480 Ma diabase, derived from a depleted MORB-source mantle, variously metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. When combined with results from other ophiolites in the area, they argue that 520-510 Ma ophiolites represent initial subduction, the 490-480 Ma ophiolites
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来源期刊
American Journal of Science
American Journal of Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
3.40%
发文量
17
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Science (AJS), founded in 1818 by Benjamin Silliman, is the oldest scientific journal in the United States that has been published continuously. The Journal is devoted to geology and related sciences and publishes articles from around the world presenting results of major research from all earth sciences. Readers are primarily earth scientists in academia and government institutions.
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