“I think I'm better at it myself”: the Capability Approach and Being Independent in Later Life.

Current policies on ageing in the global north emphasize that ‘ageing well’ is an individual responsibility, and tend to undervalue the social, economic and cultural context of ageing. The capability approach is well-suited to address the interplay between context and individual in later life. In this article, we therefore use the capability approach to explore how individual capabilities and contextual opportunities and restrictions contribute to being independent in later life. A qualitative methodology was adopted and we conducted in-depth interviews with 32 adults aged 65 and older, who lived independently and in sheltered housing. The study was carried out in two urban neighborhoods in the North of the Netherlands. Our findings underline that different pathways to independence are shaped by individual resources and capabilities, as well as by social and physical characteristics of the living environment. The three key capabilities that lead to being independent that we found were 1) to be comfortable at home and in the neighborhood; 2) to enjoy fulfilling social relations, and 3) to be mobile. The generated insights could be linked to policy initiatives with regard to age-friendly environments.