从生物力学角度探讨足球运动员带球对跳跃性能的影响

IF 2.8 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Science and Medicine in Football Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI:10.1080/24733938.2021.1915495
Alberto Fílter, Jesús Olivares Jabalera, Alejandro Molina-Molina, L. Suárez-Arrones, J. Robles-Rodríguez, Thomas Dos’Santos, I. Loturco, B. Requena, A. Santalla
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引用次数: 8

摘要

【摘要】目的在足球比赛中,垂直起跳是指朝着球跳。因为没有垂直跳跃测试将球作为参考元素,所以球在垂直跳跃测试中的效果是未知的。本研究的目的是检查无助跑垂直跳(助跑垂直跳)和有球(头球测试)助跑垂直跳测量之间的生物力学差异。方法招募12名半职业足球运动员。运动员在生物力学实验室中进行两项跳跃测试,在那里收集动力学和时空变量,并使用成对样本的学生相关t检验进行比较。结果总体而言,运动员在头球测试中的跳跃策略与助跑垂直起跳不同,表现为:1)初始接触时水平速度更高(+45.3%,P≤0.001),2)接触时间更短,推力发展速度和总冲量更大(分别为+27.5%,+53%和+10.6%,P≤0.008),3)起飞时CoM水平和合成速度更高(分别为+76.1%和20.5%,P≤0.001),4)垂直起跳性能更好(+4.3%,P≤0.0001),5)着陆时身体角度旋转更大(+63.3%,P = 0.006)(效应大小:0.78 - 3.7)。总的来说,足球运动员在头球测试中表现出更高的垂直起跳高度,这突出了在足球专项起跳测试中加入头顶球的重要性。教练和实践者被鼓励去评估,也许是发展足球运动员的跳跃能力,用一个悬着的球作为一个特定的目标。
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Effect of ball inclusion on jump performance in soccer players: a biomechanical approach
ABSTRACT Objective In soccer, vertical jump means jumping toward a ball. Since no vertical jump test includes the ball as a reference element, the effect that the ball would have in a vertical jump test is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences between run-up vertical jump measurements without (Run-up Vertical Jump) and with ball inclusion (Heading Test). Methods Twelve semi- and professional soccer players were recruited. Athletes performed both jump tests in a biomechanical laboratory, where kinetic and spatiotemporal variables were collected and compared using a Student’s dependent t-test for paired samples. Results Overall, players performed a different jumping strategy during the heading test compared to the run-up vertical jump, exhibiting: 1) higher horizontal velocity during initial contact (+45.3%, P ≤ .001), 2) shorter contact time, greater rate of force development, and total impulse during push-off (+27.5%, +53%, and +10.6%, respectively, P ≤ .008), 3) higher CoM horizontal and resultant velocity during take-off (+76.1% and 20.5%, respectively, P ≤ .001), 4) better vertical jump performance (+4.3%, P ≤ .0001), and 5) larger body angle rotation during landing (+63.3%, P = .006), compared to run-up vertical jump (effect size: 0.78 to 3.7). Conclusion In general, soccer players display greater vertical jump heights in heading test, which highlights the importance of including an overhead ball during soccer-specific jump tests. Coaches and practitioners are encouraged to assess, and perhaps develop, the jumping ability of soccer players using a suspended ball as a specific target.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
11.80%
发文量
69
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