欧洲经委会从新自由主义到新民粹主义的漫长道路:新民粹主义与左翼衰落的社会悖论

A. Ágh
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要我们生活在一个“后新自由主义世界”,正如主流文学中所讨论的那样,但新自由主义和新民粹主义之间的重要联系很少被讨论。如今,在国际政治学中,批评过去几十年漫长的新自由主义时期是非常流行的,但它对新民粹主义兴起的影响尚未得到适当的阐述。为了更深入地挖掘新民粹主义的社会背景,本文从社会经济、法律政治和文化文明三个主要的社会子系统来描述新自由主义的体系。历史背景将新自由主义的主导时期置于20世纪70年代的旧世界秩序(OWO)和2010年代的新世界秩序(NWO)之间。总的来说,新自由主义对不平等加剧的累积影响产生了当前的全球新民粹主义浪潮,本文将在欧洲经委会区域版中对此进行分析。新民粹主义的社会悖论是,不仅是特权阶层,欧洲经委会社会中最贫穷的部分也支持强硬的民粹主义精英。由于欧洲经委会普遍的去安全化,穷人的社会保障依赖于国家,但矛盾的是,他们投票给了压迫者,扩大了这种竞争性威权主义的社会基础。因此,新自由主义和新民粹主义的双胞胎,由于它们之间的密切联系——这是本文的主要主题——在欧洲经委会产生了“文化反弹”,同时身份政治也是政治议程上的重要议题。
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The Long Road from Neoliberalism to Neopopulism in ECE: The Social Paradox of Neopopulism and Decline of the Left
Abstract We live in a “post-neoliberal world”, as it has been discussed in the mainstream literature, but the vital link between neoliberalism and neopopulism has been rarely discussed. Nowadays in international political science it is very fashionable to criticise the long neoliberal period of the last decades, still its effect on the rise of neopopulism has not yet been properly elaborated. To dig deeper into social background of neopopulism, this paper describes the system of neoliberalism in its three major social subsystems, in the socio-economic, legal-political and cultural-civilizational fields. The historical context situates the dominant period of neoliberalism between the 1970s in the Old World Order (OWO) and in the 2010s in the New World Order (NWO). In general, neoliberalism’s cumulative effects of increasing inequality has produced the current global wave of neopopulism that will be analysed in this paper in its ECE regional version. The neopopulist social paradox is that not only the privileged strata, but also the poorest part of ECE’s societies supports the hard populist elites. Due to the general desecuritization in ECE, the poor have become state dependent for social security, yet paradoxically they vote for their oppressors, widening the social base of this competitive authoritarianism. Thus, the twins of neoliberalism and neopopulism, in their close connections—the main topic of this paper—have produced a “cultural backlash” in ECE along with identity politics, which is high on the political agenda.
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