多组分NiFeCrWMo高熵合金,是机械合金化的产物

S. Nakonechnyi, D.R. Dmytryshyn, V.О. Moroz, A. Yurkova
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摘要

本文研究了等原子金属粉末在行星磨机中机械合金化过程中多组分Ni-Fe-Cr-W-Mo体系的结构和相组成的演变。采用扫描电镜、x射线衍射和x射线能谱分析等方法测定了机械合金化不同阶段粉末等原子高熵NiFeCrWMo合金的相组成和结构的形成。结果表明:МА作用10小时,形成了晶粒尺寸为22 nm、晶格应变(微应力)为0.61%的纳米结构状态下BCC固溶体结构的单相高熵合金。结果表明,在机械合金化过程中,金属组分在固体状态下完全溶解,而在平衡条件下,金属组分的溶解度有限。此外,尽管高熵合金和传统材料中固溶体形成的特点不同,但固溶体晶格中元素原子的溶解顺序遵循一般原则,并根据熔点的不同顺序发生:Ni→Fe→Cr→Mo→W。制备的粉末状NiFeCrWMo高熵合金的平均粒径为3.8 μm,形状以球状或接近球形为主。粉末NiFeCrWMo高熵合金在机械合金化初期(1.5 h)的颗粒显微组织是单质金属粉末颗粒在磨削、变形、冷焊等过程中形成的层状组织。МА加工10小时后,由于MА加工过程中磨体的磨损,合金颗粒组织趋于均匀,并含有少量WC夹杂物。获得的NiFeCrWMo高熵合金在未来可作为其他复合材料的组分/粘结剂,例如以WC为基础的硬质合金代替Co。关键词:高熵合金,机械合金化,组织,相组成,固溶体,纳米结构
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Multi-component NiFeCrWMo high entropy alloy, resulted from mechanical alloying
In this work, the evolution of the structure and phase composition of the multicomponent Ni-Fe-Cr-W-Mo system during mechanical alloying (MA) of an equiatomic mixture of elemental metal powders in a planetary mill is investigated. The formation of the phase composition and structure of the powdered equiatomic high-entropy NiFeCrWMo alloy at different stages of mechanical alloying was determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray spectral analysis. It was found that during 10 hours of МА, a single-phase high-entropy alloy with the structure of a BCC solid solution in the nanostructural state with a crystallite size of 22 nm and a lattice strain (microstress) of 0.61 % was formed. It was shown that the metal components were completely dissolved in the solid state during mechanical alloying, in contrast to their limited solubility under equilibrium conditions. Moreover, despite the different features of the formation of solid solutions in high-entropy alloys and traditional materials, the order of dissolution of element atoms in the lattice of a solid solution follows general principles and occurs depending on the melting point in the following sequence: Ni→Fe→Cr→Mo→W. The average particle size of the produced powdered NiFeCrWMo high-entropy alloy is 3.8 μm, and their shape is predominantly spherical or close to spherical. The microstructure of the particles of the powdered NiFeCrWMo high-entropy alloy at the early stage (1.5 hours) of mechanical alloying is a layered structure formed in the process of grinding, deformation, and cold welding of particles of elemental metal powders. After 10 hours of МА, the microstructure of the alloy particles becomes homogeneous and contains a small amount of WC inclusions as a result of milling due to wear of grinding bodies in the MА process. The obtained NiFeCrWMo high-entropy alloy can be used in the future as a component/binder for other composite materials, for example, hard alloys based on WC to replace Co. Keywords: high-entropy alloy, mechanical alloying, structure, phase composition, solid solution, nanostructure
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