葡萄牙人过去四十年的健康状况

Q4 Social Sciences Mediterranee Pub Date : 2018-09-27 DOI:10.4000/MEDITERRANEE.10348
P. Santana, R. Almendra
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引用次数: 13

摘要

本文的目的是介绍葡萄牙自1970年代以来取得的健康成果,以及这一演变如何应对葡萄牙40年的民主、该国融入欧洲经济共同体/欧盟、对健康的公共投资以及人口日常生活(住房、教育和获得公共服务)的普遍改善。目前,葡萄牙正处于流行病学转型的终点。与传染病、婴儿死亡率、产妇死亡率、围产期死亡率和1至4岁儿童死亡率有关的健康指标明显下降,与欧洲联盟其他国家的指标一致,在某些情况下,葡萄牙显示出更有利的价值观。这些收益的影响转化为45年观察(1974-2014年)中男性出生时预期寿命增加14.0岁,女性出生时预期寿命增加14.4岁。尽管该指标验证了葡萄牙的收益,但与欧盟相比,预期寿命的差异仍然非常明显,因为与某些疾病相关的死亡率增加。健康收益是实施公共政策的结果,这些政策允许公众更多地获得广泛的商品和服务(如住房、卫生、交通、教育),特别注意关于葡萄牙国家卫生服务的有组织的卫生保健倡议。这项研究的目的是介绍自1970年代以来葡萄牙卫生系统取得的进展,并表明这一发展伴随着40年的民主、该国融入欧洲联盟、公共卫生投资以及人口生活条件(住房、教育、获得公共服务)的普遍改善。葡萄牙正在接近流行病学过渡的终点。与传染病、婴儿死亡率、产妇死亡率、围产期死亡率和1至4岁儿童死亡率有关的各种健康指标急剧上升,与其他欧盟国家的结果一致,有时在某些特定情况下超过这些指标。这些好处对健康的影响反映在预期寿命的增加上,在分析期间(40年-1974-2014年),男性增加了14岁,女性增加了14.4岁。尽管在这一指标方面取得了进展,但葡萄牙与其他欧盟国家之间的差距仍然明显,表明迫切需要降低与某些疾病相关的死亡率。健康效益源于实施公共政策,确保更好地获得一系列商品和服务(如健康住房、公共交通、教育),特别强调在葡萄牙国家卫生服务的基础上组织卫生服务的重要性。
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The health of the Portuguese over the last four decades
EnglishThe objective of this paper is to present the health gains in Portugal from the 1970s onward, and how this evolution responds to Portugal’s 40 years of democracy, the country’s inclusion in the EEC/EU, the public investment made in health, and the generalized improvements experienced in the daily lives of the population (housing, education, and access to public services). Currently, Portugal is at the end of an epidemiological transition. Health indicators linked to communicable disease, infant mortality, maternal mortality, perinatal mortality and mortality in children from 1 to 4 years of age have decreased sharply and are in line with those seen in other countries of the European Union, and in some cases Portugal shows more favorable values. The impact of these gains has translated into an increase in life expectancy at birth of 14.0 years for men and 14.4 years for women for the 45 years of observations made (1974-2014). Despite the gains in Portugal verified by this indicator, the difference in life expectancy with regard to the EU continues to be quite evident given the increase in mortality associated with certain diseases The gains in health are the result of the implementation of public policies that have allowed for increased public access to a wide range of goods and services (e.g. housing sanitation, transport, education), with particular note going to the organized health care initiatives regarding the Portuguese National Health Service. francaisCette etude a pour objectif de presenter les progres du systeme de sante portugais depuis les annees 1970, et de demontrer que cette evolution accompagne les 40 ans de democratie, l’integration du pays dans l’Union europeenne, l’investissement public en matiere de sante, et l’amelioration generale des conditions de vie de la population (logement, education, acces aux services publics). Le Portugal touche au terme d’une transition epidemiologique. Divers indicateurs de sante ayant trait aux maladies contagieuses, a la mortalite infantile, a la mortalite maternelle, a la mortalite perinatale et a la mortalite d’enfants entre 1 et 4 ans ont fortement regresse au point de rejoindre les resultats obtenus dans d’autres pays de l’Union europeenne, et de parfois les depasser dans certains cas specifiques. L’impact de ces benefices sur la sante se traduit dans la progression de l’esperance de vie, les hommes ayant gagne 14 ans et les femmes 14,4 ans, au cours de la periode analysee (40 ans - 1974-2014). Malgre les progres constates a travers cet indicateur, l’ecart entre le Portugal et les autres pays de l’UE reste evident et demontre l’urgence de faire diminuer la mortalite associee a certaines maladies. Les benefices sur la sante resultent de la mise en place de politiques publiques qui ont assure un meilleur acces a un ensemble de biens et de services (par exemple la salubrite des habitations, les transports publics, l’education), soulignant notamment l’importance de l’organisation des services de sante, bases sur le Service national de sante Portugais.
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来源期刊
Mediterranee
Mediterranee Social Sciences-Urban Studies
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
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