Forensic science and its limitations in rape and murder cases in India

Forensic science plays a significant role in crime scene analysis and other evidence collection (such as clothes, cigarette butts, blood, semen, hair, etc.,) to scientifically establish the accused's guilt. In rape and murder cases, DNA tests confirm the victim's identity. It provides certain evidence that is helpful in the speedy investigation and conclusion of a trial. However, it is not a foolproof science and it has certain limitations. Hence, the first responders, such as the Crime Laboratory Ultimate Evidence System team and the forensic experts, must keep these limitations in mind during sample collection and examination, otherwise, it may lead to incorrect results. Such incorrect results may be obtained due to insufficient sample quantity, improper collection methods, or delay in an examination. It is highly recommended to implement standard operating procedure guidelines, failing which the admissibility of such forensic evidence to prove beyond all reasonable doubts is at stake. Accordingly, the court shall acquit the accused giving him the benefit of doubt. This article focuses on the applicability and limitations of forensic science in the Indian Criminal Justice System and the need to adopt due protocols to yield viable results.