Guidelines for Radiotherapy of Esophageal Carcinoma (2020 Edition)

Esophageal carcinoma is a high-incidence malignant tumor in China, ranking sixth and fourth highest in morbidity and mortality, respectively. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Standardized diagnosis and treatment based on the suggestions of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) form its foundation. For operable esophageal carcinoma, surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment; contrarily, for inoperable esophageal carcinoma, radical chemoradiotherapy is the only treatment option, and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy can improve local control and survival rates in selected cases. Owing to the rapid technological development in radiotherapy, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and image guidance technology are widely used in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Though drugs for treating cancer have been developed rapidly, we need to explore their optimal combination with radiotherapy, including chemotherapy, targetedor immune, and radiosensitizers. Esophageal carcinoma in China differs greatly from that in European and American countries in terms of etiology, pathological type, highincidence site, etc. Therefore, the European and American guidelines on radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma cannot be applied in clinical practice in China. This gap was addressed when the 2019 edition of