{"title":"会话分析路向的课堂研究","authors":"运同 刘","doi":"10.1515/caslar-2018-0012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"提要: 会话分析(Conversation Analysis)的研究对象是人们的交际活动,包括日常的会话和机构性交谈。课堂教学是机构性交谈的一种,因此从会话分析创立之初,就有研究者按照会话分析的理论和方法来对课堂交流进行研究。本文从课堂交互研究和课堂学习研究两个方面概述了会话分析路向的课堂教学研究,包括主要的课题及其成果。在课堂交互活动研究方面,研究者从话轮转换、序列结构、会话补救三个方面深入挖掘课堂交互活动的特点。早期的一些研究较多关注于教师主导的课堂活动,描述教师在话轮分配上的主导地位;新近的研究开始关注其他类型的课堂活动或教师主导的课堂中其他类型的活动中的话轮替换形式。在课堂教学活动序列结构方面,会话分析路向的课堂研究显示了它微观分析的优势,细致而深入地描述 IRE 在课堂教学中的具体实现过程,准确地描写了后续话轮的作用。纠正学生的错误是课堂教学中的重要一环,会话分析路向的课堂研究表明,把课堂教学中的补救或纠错与日常会话的补救做简单的对比是不恰当的。课堂的补救行为跟 IRE 序列有密切的关联,并且研究还发现课堂上的补救行为与课堂教学环境有很大关联,跟课堂教学中不同阶段的特定教学目标密切相关。此外,会话分析路向的习得研究在很多方面丰富和补充了已有的第二语言习得研究。它最大的优势在于利用真实的语料来揭示学习者的理解和学习是否、何时、怎样、为什么产生。同时由于会话分析导向的习得研究把学习看作是一种社会交流活动,突破了大多数 SLA 研究把学习当作是个体认知活动的局限。我们认为,会话分析注重真实语料以及交互者视角的特点给汉语作为第二语言的课堂研究提供了有益的借鉴。","PeriodicalId":37654,"journal":{"name":"Chinese as a Second Language Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"309 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/caslar-2018-0012","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"会话分析路向的课堂研究\",\"authors\":\"运同 刘\",\"doi\":\"10.1515/caslar-2018-0012\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"提要: 会话分析(Conversation Analysis)的研究对象是人们的交际活动,包括日常的会话和机构性交谈。课堂教学是机构性交谈的一种,因此从会话分析创立之初,就有研究者按照会话分析的理论和方法来对课堂交流进行研究。本文从课堂交互研究和课堂学习研究两个方面概述了会话分析路向的课堂教学研究,包括主要的课题及其成果。在课堂交互活动研究方面,研究者从话轮转换、序列结构、会话补救三个方面深入挖掘课堂交互活动的特点。早期的一些研究较多关注于教师主导的课堂活动,描述教师在话轮分配上的主导地位;新近的研究开始关注其他类型的课堂活动或教师主导的课堂中其他类型的活动中的话轮替换形式。在课堂教学活动序列结构方面,会话分析路向的课堂研究显示了它微观分析的优势,细致而深入地描述 IRE 在课堂教学中的具体实现过程,准确地描写了后续话轮的作用。纠正学生的错误是课堂教学中的重要一环,会话分析路向的课堂研究表明,把课堂教学中的补救或纠错与日常会话的补救做简单的对比是不恰当的。课堂的补救行为跟 IRE 序列有密切的关联,并且研究还发现课堂上的补救行为与课堂教学环境有很大关联,跟课堂教学中不同阶段的特定教学目标密切相关。此外,会话分析路向的习得研究在很多方面丰富和补充了已有的第二语言习得研究。它最大的优势在于利用真实的语料来揭示学习者的理解和学习是否、何时、怎样、为什么产生。同时由于会话分析导向的习得研究把学习看作是一种社会交流活动,突破了大多数 SLA 研究把学习当作是个体认知活动的局限。我们认为,会话分析注重真实语料以及交互者视角的特点给汉语作为第二语言的课堂研究提供了有益的借鉴。\",\"PeriodicalId\":37654,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chinese as a Second Language Research\",\"volume\":\"7 1\",\"pages\":\"309 - 336\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-10-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/caslar-2018-0012\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chinese as a Second Language Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2018-0012\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese as a Second Language Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1515/caslar-2018-0012","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
Summary: The research object of Conversation Analysis is people's communication activities, including daily conversations and institutional conversations. Classroom teaching is a type of institutional conversation, so since the establishment of conversation analysis, researchers have been studying classroom communication based on the theories and methods of conversation analysis. This article provides an overview of classroom teaching research on the direction of conversation analysis from two aspects: classroom interaction research and classroom learning research, including the main topics and their achievements. In the research of classroom interaction activities, researchers delve into the characteristics of classroom interaction activities from three aspects: turn taking, sequence structure, and conversation recovery. Early studies focused more on teacher led classroom activities, describing the dominant position of teachers in turn allocation; Recent research has begun to focus on the forms of turn taking in other types of classroom activities or teacher led classroom activities. In terms of the sequence structure of classroom teaching activities, classroom research on the direction of conversation analysis has shown its advantages in micro analysis, providing a detailed and in-depth description of the specific implementation process of IRE in classroom teaching, and accurately describing the role of subsequent turns. Correcting students' mistakes is an important part of classroom teaching, and classroom research on the direction of conversation analysis shows that it is inappropriate to make a simple comparison between remedial or corrective actions in classroom teaching and remedial actions in daily conversations. Remedial behavior in the classroom is closely related to the IRE sequence, and research has also found that remedial behavior in the classroom is closely related to the classroom teaching environment and specific teaching objectives at different stages of classroom teaching. In addition, the acquisition of conversational analysis directions enriches and supplements existing research on second language acquisition in many aspects. Its biggest advantage lies in using real language materials to reveal whether, when, how, and why learners' understanding and learning have occurred. Meanwhile, due to the fact that conversation analysis oriented acquisition studies view learning as a social communication activity, it breaks through the limitations of most SLA studies regarding learning as an individual cognitive activity. We believe that the emphasis on authentic corpus and the perspective of the interlocutor in conversation analysis provides useful reference for classroom research on Chinese as a second language.
期刊介绍:
Chinese as a Second Language Research (CASLAR) focuses on research on the acquisition, development, and use of Chinese as a Second Language. It supports scholars and researchers from different linguistic fields, and serves as a forum to discuss, investigate, and better understand Chinese as a Second Language. Each issue (2 per year) of the journal publishes three papers in Chinese and three papers in English; summaries are always provided both in Chinese and English. We are especially interested in publishing articles and research papers that investigate how empirical findings of CSL research can advance and develop better Chinese language teaching methodologies, explore the implications of CSL research for theoretical developments and practical applications, focus on the acquisition and use of varieties of CSL, study the nature of interaction between native speakers and non-native speakers of Chinese, address major issues of second language acquisition from the perspective of CSL, analyze the ways in which language is both shaped by culture and is the medium through which culture is created.