Characterisation of Doped Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) at Different Calcination Temperature Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most powerful semiconductors used in wastewater treatment. However, TiO2 has a wide band gap that only can be activated by using UV light. To overcome the weakness of this photocatalyst, the doping technique by using the sol-gel method was applied to the TiO2. The sol-gel method is easy, low cost and can be conducted at low temperature. Through this method, the band gap can be narrow and the doped TiO2 can be activated using visible light. The objectives of this research are to study the relationship between variable parameters and the sample characterisations, to analyse the characteristics of modified photocatalysts doped nitrogen and magnesium on the phase. In this research project, nitrogen and magnesium will be used for doping techniques with TiO2. Calcination temperature will be varied at 300oC, 500oC and 700oC to analyse the phase and characteristics of samples at different calcination temperatures. Parameters that are involved in this research include the amount of doping which is varied at 0.5 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 0.9 wt.% and type of dopant used (nitrogen and magnesium). The sample will be characterised by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).