债务的经济神学

IF 0.3 0 RELIGION Political Theology Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI:10.1080/1462317X.2022.2143136
M. Dean
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引用次数: 0

摘要

过去十年见证了一种范式的形成,这种范式被称为经济神学(并非毫无争议)。它不仅存在于大陆政治哲学中,也存在于批判理论、社会学、历史和文化研究中。它回归并重新激活了不同学科的关键来源,特别提到了19世纪和20世纪人文科学的成就,并定义了一个与政治神学振荡的领域,这个领域几乎是在一个世纪前由卡尔·施密特命名的,他借用了巴枯宁的术语。政治神学关注的是现代国家概念的一神论传统的基础和深层合法性。相比之下,经济神学关注的是另一种或许在今天更为普遍的政治形而上学形式的来源,这种形式试图以主体自由和市场运作的名义,以及随之而来的系统、网络和经济本身的意象,来中和这样一种状态。在这方面,经济神学既不会试图克服政治神学,也不会取代它,而是与它一起描绘一个领域,使人们能够理解经济实践与政治权力之间的关系,治理的多种形式和法律、国家和主权的统一,以及自主主体的形成和统治和合法化的形式。只要它能借鉴基督教传统,经济神学就能在经济学、天意和秩序等概念的谱系中找到关键,也能在建立在三位一体基础上的教会的救赎叙事中找到关键。如果我们采用当代批判理论的语言,那么经济神学就会承诺抓住相互构成但根本上异质的两极,这些两极定义了我们当代社会中的权力运作:政府的经济管理两极,有时延伸到生命政治治理,以及主权的司法制度两极,专注于法律、国家及其合法性。如果自由主义和后结构批判都试图用内在的和多重的权力关系取代超越和最高权威的后一极,那么经济神学的力量就在于它承诺使它们的相互作用变得可理解。如果说法语是20世纪70年代反对政治哲学和主权语言的内在主义转向的语言,从而预示并参与了网络和自我管理形而上学的兴起,那么经济神学的出现肯定是用意大利语写的。在英语世界里,我们
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The Economic Theology of Debt
The past decade has witnessed the formation of a paradigm that has been called, not without controversy, economic theology. It is found not only in continental political philosophy, but also in critical theory, sociology, history and cultural studies. It returns to and reanimates key sources in different disciplines, with particular reference to the achievement of the human sciences in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and defines a field of oscillation with political theology, itself named almost exactly a century ago by Carl Schmitt, who borrowed the term from Bakunin. Political theology was concerned with the foundation and deep legitimation in monotheistic traditions of the concepts of the modern state. Economic theology, by contrast, would focus on the sources of another and perhaps today more pervasive form of political metaphysics, one that would seek to neutralize such a state in the name of the freedom of the subject and the operations of the market, and its concomitant imagery of the system, of the network, and of economy itself. In this respect, economic theology would neither seek to overcome political theology nor to displace it, but to delineate a field together with it that would enable an understanding of the relations between economic practices and political power, the multiple forms of governing and the unities of law, state and sovereignty, and the shaping of the autonomous subject and forms of domination and legitimation. In so far as it would draw on the Christian tradition, economic theology would find keys in the genealogy of notions of oikonomia, providence and order, and within the redemptive narrative of the Church founded on the Trinity. If we adopt the language of contemporary critical theory, economic theology promises then to grasp the mutually constitutive but radically heterogeneous poles that define the operations of power within our contemporary societies: an economic-managerial one of government, sometimes extended to the biopolitical governance of life, and the juridicalinstitutional one of sovereignty, focused on law, the state and its legitimation. If both liberalism and post-structural critique sought to displace the latter pole of a transcendent and supreme authority, with immanent and multiple relations of power, the strength of economic theology was that it promised to make their interaction intelligible. And if French was the language of the immanentist turn against political philosophy and the language of sovereignty in the 1970s, which thus both prefigured and participated in the rise of the metaphysics of the network and self-management, the emergence of economic theology has definitely been written in Italian. In the Anglophone world, we
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来源期刊
Political Theology
Political Theology RELIGION-
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