Comparison of the Dexmedetomidine and Sufentanil Added to Spinal Anesthesia with Bupivacaine for Hemodynamic Stability and Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Cesarean Section Surgery: A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Hemodynamic instability, including hypotension and bradycardia, can occur due to spinal anesthesia by bupivacaine. However, it is possible to reduce the chance of hemodynamic changes by the reduction of the dose of bupivacaine and/or the addition of adjunctive agents. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of the addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and sufentanil to spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine in elective cesarean section (CS). Methods: This prospective single-blinded randomized clinical trial with parallel groups was performed on 60 pregnant women who were candidates for elective CS in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. In addition to receiving 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, they were randomly divided into two groups to receive intrathecal sufentanil 5 μg (30 cases) or dexmedetomidine 5 μg (30 cases). Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and occurrence of side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, headache, and shivering) were recorded within 1 h after the injections. Moreover, the postoperative analgesia rate and duration (using a visual analog scale [VAS]) were recorded within the first 24 h after the completion of the CS. Headache severity (using a VAS) was also measured during the first week after CS. Results: Patients declared their satisfaction with analgesia after surgery. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes during the first 60 min. Similarly, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the severity of incision pain in the first 24 h after CS surgery. On days 3, 4, and 5, none of the patients in the sufentanil and bupivacaine group had headaches (VAS=0), but patients in the dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine group had some degree of headache (P=0.040). Conclusions: Based on the results, intrathecal administration of bupivacaine with either sufentanil or dexmedetomidine in CS did not have significantly different effects, except for slightly more severe headaches in the dexmedetomidine group. Therefore, no superiority of one drug over the other was observed for intrathecal administration with bupivacaine in CS.