考虑为南非设立精神卫生法庭:来自加拿大和美利坚合众国的经验教训

Letitia Pienaar
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引用次数: 1

摘要

根据南非刑事司法制度,由于资源短缺(工作人员和可用床位),触犯法律的精神病患者要花很长时间等待法医鉴定。等待法医鉴定的被告往往被关押在缺乏精神保健服务的教养设施中。这使得许多被指控患有精神疾病的人有可能落入众所周知的制度裂缝之间。将患有精神疾病的被告从刑事司法系统转移到治疗方案中可以解决这一问题。目前在南非没有这种正式的转用办法。在加拿大和美利坚合众国等司法管辖区,精神健康法庭作为一种正式的转移选择越来越受欢迎,在这些司法管辖区,法医评估,特别是审前健康评估的延误现象十分普遍。这些法院采用治疗法学来伸张正义。本报告探讨了精神健康法院的性质,考察了加拿大和美利坚合众国的这类法院,并考虑南非是否可以从这类法院中受益,以及在南非立法框架内这类法院是否可行。
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Considering Mental Health Courts for South Africa: Lessons from Canada and the United States of America
Under the South African criminal justice system, mentally ill persons in conflict with the law spend long periods awaiting forensic assessment, owing to resource shortages (staff and available beds). Accused persons awaiting forensic assessment are often kept in correctional facilities where mental health care services are lacking. This leaves many accused individuals who are mentally ill at risk of falling between the proverbial cracks of the system. The diversion of the accused with mental illness from the criminal justice system into a treatment programme could address this problem. Currently no such formal diversion option exists in South Africa. Mental health courts as a formal diversion option are gaining popularity in jurisdictions such as Canada and the United States of America, where delays with forensic assessments and, in particular, pre-trial fitness assessments are rife. These courts employ therapeutic jurisprudence to deliver justice. This contribution explores the nature of a mental health court and looks at such courts in Canada and the United States of America and considers whether South Africa could benefit from such a court and whether it would be viable within the South African legislative framework.
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