减少再犯和鼓励戒酒:一种社会创业方法

R. Wright
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的本文提出了一个相对成本效益模型来解释人们从事犯罪活动的原因,这是一个案例研究和概念研究。然后,它使用该模型来推动对减少和停止累犯,或减少犯罪活动的频率和严重程度的主要政策方法的讨论,这是一种比通常用于评估项目成功的累犯二元概念更微妙的减少伤害的措施。一些私人项目成功地减少了累犯,并改进了缓刑措施,但仍然只适用于那些自行选择参加的人。然而,改变政策和激励措施可能会刺激社会企业家寻找适用于监狱人口其他部分的方案。设计/方法论/方法本文描述了以犯罪和激励一致的经济理论为依据的案例研究。大多数减少/停止再犯的方法都失败了,但包括DOE基金和PEP在内的几个项目被证明是非常有效的:第一个项目是雇佣前罪犯从事初级工作,第二个项目是向囚犯传授创业和一般商业技能,并在释放后对他们进行指导。发现成功的案例不能简单地扩大规模,因为囚犯自己选择加入这些项目。相反,政策制定者应该鼓励该领域的进一步竞争和创新,每周向非政府组织支付费用,让他们设法让以前被监禁的人活着,并将其排除在刑事司法系统之外。研究局限性/含义案例研究和理论。还没有在现实世界中尝试过。实际含义再犯率越低,对相同预算的期望就越高。社会影响人类将得到比现在更好的待遇。独创性/价值本文建议,激励一致和资金竞争将鼓励非营利非政府组织发现哪些项目最适合不同类型的囚犯,而不是提供一种特定的减少累犯的灵丹妙药。
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Reducing recidivism and encouraging desistance: a social entrepreneurial approach
PurposeThis paper, which is both case study and conceptual in nature, presents a relative cost-benefit model to explain why people engage in criminal activity. It then uses the model to motivate a discussion of the major policy approaches to recidivism reduction and desistance, or decreasing the frequency and severity of criminal activity, a more nuanced measure of harm reduction than the binary concept of recidivism typically used to evaluate program success. Several private programs have successfully reduced recidivism and improved measures of desistance but remain applicable only to those who self-select into them. Changed policies and incentives, however, could stimulate social entrepreneurs to search for programs applicable to additional segments of the prison population.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes case studies informed by economic theories of crime and incentive alignment. Most approaches to recidivism reduction/desistance have failed, but several programs, including the DOE Fund and PEP, have proven extremely effective: the first by employing former convicts in starter jobs and the latter by teaching inmates about entrepreneurship and general business skills and mentoring them after release.FindingsSuccessful cases cannot simply be scaled up because inmates self-select into the programs. Instead, policymakers should encourage further competition and innovation in the field by paying NGOs each week they manage to keep the formerly imprisoned persons in their charge alive and out of the criminal justice system.Research limitations/implicationsCase study and theoretical. Not yet tried in the real world.Practical implicationsLower recidivism, more desistance for the same budget.Social implicationsHumans will be better treated than currently.Originality/valueInstead of offering a specific recidivism reduction panacea, this paper suggests that incentive alignment and competition for funding will encourage nonprofit NGOs to discover which programs work best for different types of inmates.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
15.80%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Institutions – especially public policies – are a significant determinant of economic outcomes; entrepreneurship and enterprise development are often the channel by which public policies affect economic outcomes, and by which outcomes feed back to the policy process. The Journal of Entrepreneurship & Public Policy (JEPP) was created to encourage and disseminate quality research about these vital relationships. The ultimate aim is to improve the quality of the political discourse about entrepreneurship and development policies. JEPP publishes two issues per year and welcomes: Empirically oriented academic papers and accepts a wide variety of empirical evidence. Generally, the journal considers any analysis based on real-world circumstances and conditions that can change behaviour, legislation, or outcomes, Conceptual or theoretical papers that indicate a direction for future research, or otherwise advance the field of study, A limited number of carefully and accurately executed replication studies, Book reviews. In general, JEPP seeks high-quality articles that say something interesting about the relationships among public policy and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and economic development, or all three areas. Scope/Coverage: Entrepreneurship, Public policy, Public policies and behaviour of economic agents, Interjurisdictional differentials and their effects, Law and entrepreneurship, New firms; startups, Microeconomic analyses of economic development, Development planning and policy, Innovation and invention: processes and incentives, Regional economic activity: growth, development, and changes, Regional development policy.
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