季节变化对不同栽培方式橡胶树幼苗生长的影响

Dongling Qi, Guishui Xie, Zhixiang Wu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

橡胶树的营养生长是橡胶树栽培和经济管理的重要依据。橡胶幼苗的茎直径和高度生长模式以及季节变异性仍知之甚少。研究橡胶苗的年生长规律和季节变化,有助于了解橡胶树的生物学特性,为田间栽培和管理提供参考。大田橡胶苗栽培和胶袋栽培的株高、茎径均呈现出明显的“慢快慢”的年生长规律。高度生长和茎径生长反应最好符合逻辑方程,支持观察到的模式。胶袋育胶苗栽培和大田播种胶苗栽培的株高分别出现在6月至11月和5月至11月份。这一时期,胶袋育苗和大田播种橡胶苗的株高增长累积量最大,分别占总生长量的83.99%和86.65%。胶袋育苗和大田播种橡胶苗的茎径分别在6-11月和5-11月快速增长。这一时期,胶袋育苗和大田播种橡胶苗的茎干生长积累量最大,分别占总生长量的86.71%和84.60%。聚乙烯袋养橡胶苗栽培和大田播种橡胶苗栽培全年有9个推广单位,5月至11月每月有一个推广单位。延长单位为全年不停歇期和株高增长率有季节性差异。然而,地播胶苗栽培的叶片表型早于袋养胶苗栽培,地播橡胶苗栽培的每个扩展单位都大于袋养橡胶苗栽培。不同栽培条件下,降水对幼苗生长的影响最大。每年没有一个时期不发生高度生长和茎径生长,生长最快的时期发生在雨季。不同栽培方式下橡胶苗的株高和茎径呈现异向现象。胶袋育胶苗和大田播种胶苗的扩展单元和叶相表现出一致性和同步性。不同栽培方式的橡胶苗应采取相应的抚育管理和操作措施。
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Seasonal Changes Impact on Growth of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seedlings under Different Cultivation
The vegetative growth of rubber tree is an important basis for rubber tree cultivation and economic management. Stem diameter and height growth patterns of rubber seedlings and the seasonal variability are still poorly understood. Studying the annual growth patterns and seasonal variation of rubber seedling will help understanding biological characteristics of rubber tree and provide a reference for field cultivation and management. Height growth and stem diameter of field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation and polybag-raised cultivation all displayed a distinct annual pattern of “slow-fast-slow”. Height growth and stem diameter growth response fitted the logistic equation preferably, supporting the observed pattern. Fast-growth of plant height for polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation occurred from June to November and May to November, respectively. This period saw the greatest accumulations of plant height growth for polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation accounting for 83.99% and 86.65% of total growth, respectively. Fast-growth of stem diameter for polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation occurred from June to November and May to November, respectively. This period saw the greatest accumulations of stem growth for polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation accounting for 86.71% and 84.60% of total growth, respectively. Polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation for the whole year had nine extension units and each month had one extension unit from May to November. Extension unit of for the whole year did not stop period and plant height growth rate has the seasonal difference. However, leaf phenophase of field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation was earlier than that of polybag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation and each extension unit of field-sown rubber seedlings cultivation was greater than that of poly-bag-raised rubber seedlings cultivation. The precipitation had the greatest impact on seedlings growth under different cultivation. There was no period annually in which height growth and stem diameter growth did not occur and the fastest growth occurred during the rainy season. Plant height and stem diameter of rubber seedlings under different cultivation showed isogony phenomenon. Extension unit and leaf phenophase of polybag-raised rubber seedlings and field-sown rubber seedlings showed consistency and synchronization characteristic. Different cultivation of rubber seedling should take corresponding measures tending management and operation.
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