“从失败中学习”和“论弱点”?还是仅仅是“aut vincere aut emori”?罗马对军事失败的复杂处理评论

Q2 Arts and Humanities Electrum Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI:10.4467/20800909el.22.013.15783
O. Stoll
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文将失败和损失视为从共和国到君主国的罗马历史的“扩展军事史”现象。它采用了军事历史现象的文化历史视角。定义了“模式”和“策略”,这些模式和策略出现在处理罗马失败、损失和失败者(特别是指挥官甚至皇帝本人)时的来源中。上面,对罗马帝国时期的史学进行了典型的研究,以了解失败的原因、解释或解释,以及这些是否以及如何成为叙事策略的一部分。有时,军事灾难只是被掩盖、贬低或重新解释。罗马如何应对失败告诉了罗马社会,尤其是精英阶层的一些情况:“罗马文化”或“罗马政治文化”塑造了如何应对失败的军事现象。失败也可以被视为未来胜利的机会,它们有利于学习,也是在士气和纪律的帮助下顶住压力的榜样。最终,罗马应对此类“军事历史”灾难性事件的策略似乎将罗马描绘成一个有韧性的社会政治和军事体系!
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,Lernen aus Niederlagen‘ und ,Schwächediskurse‘? Oder doch nur „aut vincere aut emori“? Bemerkungen zum komplexen Umgang Roms mit militärischen Niederlagen
This article examines defeats and losses as phenomena of an ‘expanded military history’ of Roman History from the Republic to the Principate. It adopts a cultural historical perspective of the military historical phenomenon. “Patterns”and “strategies”are defined, that appear in the sources when dealing with Roman defeats, losses and losers (in particular the commanders or even the emperor himself). Above, the historiography of the Roman imperial period is exemplary examined to see what reasons, interpretations or explanations are given there for suffering a defeat and whether and how these are part of narrative strategies. Sometimes military catastrophes simply were concealed, belittled or reinterpreted. How Rome dealt with defeat tells something about Rome’s society and especially the elite: “Roman culture”or “Rome’s political culture” shaped the way how the military phenomenon of defeat was dealt with. Defeats could also be seen as chances for future victories, they were good for learning and examples for withstanding with the help of morale and disciplina. In the end Rome’s strategies in dealing with such catastrophic events of ‘military history’overall seem to paint the picture of Rome as a resilient socio-political and military system!
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来源期刊
Electrum
Electrum Arts and Humanities-Classics
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: Electrum has been published since 1997 by the Department of Ancient History at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow as a collection of papers and monographs. In 2010 it starts as journal with one monographic issue per year. Journal publishes scholarly papers embodying studies in history and culture of Greece, Rome and Near East from the beginning of the First Millennium BC to about AD 400. Contributions are written in English, German, French and Italian. The journal publishes books reviews.
期刊最新文献
Recruited for the Local Army, despite faraway from their Home: two Cases from the Province of Moesia Superior Mulieres in Military Milieu of Troesmis Edward M. Anson, Ptolemy I Soter: Themes and Issues, Bloomsbury Academic, London–New York 2023, 221 pp. + 5 maps; ISBN 978-1-350-26080-1 Lucia Vison à, La guerre contre l’Autre. Les campagnes parthiques dans l’oeuvre de Plutarque, (Culture antiche. Studi e testi – 36), Edizioni dell’Orso, Alessandria 2023, 144 pp.; ISSN 1824-243X; ISBN 978-88-3613-354-3 Population at Callatis and Odessus: The Roman Soldiers
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