Canada at a Crossroads: Boundaries, Bridges, and Laissez-Faire Racism in Indigenous-Settler Relations

well (especially their spatial and social locations within cities and within the movement), which was not always available and created some distance for the reader. The sense of detachment was also present in the first two chapters and the conclusion, where lots of direct quotes from other scholars and sources made the flow feel disrupted. Although as someone who is interested in space and protest dynamics, I appreciated the book’s spatial focus, it was at times hard to follow the author’s approach to spatial dynamics. For instance, at the beginning, the book seems to attend to space as an important element of social activism, and not merely activism that is entirely about spatial politics. Later in the book, however, almost all examples of movement spaces and spatial tactics are related to movements that are primarily or entirely focused on the right to the city type of issues. Furthermore, the complexities of the relation between movement scenes and movements’ outcomes could be discussed in a more nuanced way. As one example, Creasap mentions that during her fieldwork, urban processes in Malmö mirrored those that Stockholm and Göteborg went through decades before—mainly getting rid of the working-class neighborhoods through development and gentrification and, consequently, displacing long-term residents and activists. She introduces the concepts of ‘‘fragile’’ and ‘‘fledging’’ scenes in Stockholm and Göteborg respectively and explains how these scenes are spread out, lack centrality, connectivity, and visibility, and thus, are less influential compared to the scene observed in Malmö. Creasap implies that the fragile and fledging scenes are results of the demise of social movements that tried (but failed?) to preserve space in Stockholm and Göteborg, which in turn makes them less influential at the time of research. While her discussion of how these dynamics impact orientation to the future and forging solidarities was compelling, it was harder to see the movement scenes weaknesses as only spatial (and a measure of centrality, connectivity, and visibility) and not more broadly related to current urban politics and movements’ position within current power structures. Overall, the book is an important reminder of how considering and studying movement scenes (or more broadly, movements’ spatial and temporal dynamics) can enhance our understanding of social movements, activism, and urban contexts. The movements of the past decade, including the Arab Spring, the Occupy movement, and the Black Lives Matter movement, among others, have shown us once again the importance of physical spaces. The book can help in thinking through these spatial dynamics in a more global context, something that in the last paragraph of her book Creasap rightfully calls our attention to.