Right Without Remedy? The Development of the Presumption of Innocence at the International Criminal Court

This article examines the presumption of innocence’s development at the International Criminal Court. While the presumption of innocence was hardly debated at the Rome Conference, several issues surrounding the presumption have been open to wide interpretation by the Court. This article argues that since the Rome Statute’s entry into force, the presumption of innocence goes beyond the text of Article 66 and has become a robust right that has application both inside and outside of the courtroom and has effect during the Situation, Pre-Trial and Trial phases. Despite these developments, what happens when the right is violated remains an open question. The paper will conclude that while the presumption of innocence may be better defined and more protective than it was 20 years ago, what happens in the case of a violation continues to be an area for further development.