Dong-dong Ti, Xin Yan, Jianshu Wei, Zhiqiang Wu, Yao Wang, W. Han
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Inducing immunogenic cell death in immuno-oncological therapies
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and substantially improved patient outcomes with respect to multiple types of tumors. However, most patients cannot benefit from such therapies, mainly due to the intrinsic low immunogenicity of cancer cells (CCs) that allows them to escape recognition by immune cells of the body. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is a form of regulated cell death, engages in a complex dialogue between dying CCs and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), ultimately evoking the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals to activate tumor-specific immunity. The ICD inducers mediate the death of CCs and improve both antigenicity and adjuvanticity. At the same time, they reprogram TME with a “cold-warm-hot” immune status, ultimately amplifying and sustaining dendritic cell- and T cell-dependent innate sensing as well as the antitumor immune responses. In this review, we discuss how to stimulate ICD based upon the biological properties of CCs that have evolved under diverse stress conditions. Additionally, we highlight how this dynamic interaction contributes to priming tumor immunogenicity, thereby boosting anticancer immune responses. We believe that a deep understanding of these ICD processes will provide a framework for evaluating its vital role in cancer immunotherapy.
期刊介绍:
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research (CJCR; Print ISSN: 1000-9604; Online ISSN:1993-0631) is published by AME Publishing Company in association with Chinese Anti-Cancer Association.It was launched in March 1995 as a quarterly publication and is now published bi-monthly since February 2013.
CJCR is published bi-monthly in English, and is an international journal devoted to the life sciences and medical sciences. It publishes peer-reviewed original articles of basic investigations and clinical observations, reviews and brief communications providing a forum for the recent experimental and clinical advances in cancer research. This journal is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), PubMed/PubMed Central (PMC), Scopus, SciSearch, Chemistry Abstracts (CA), the Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Chinainfo, CNKI, CSCI, etc.