工业革命与全球化:论帕特里克·奥布莱恩的贡献

IF 1.7 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of Global History Pub Date : 2021-11-19 DOI:10.1017/S174002282100036X
J. Inikori
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引用次数: 0

摘要

帕特里克·奥布莱恩关于工业革命的著作数量之多,所采用的比较分析模式的地理延伸,以及详细的政治史和经济史不同寻常的有效结合(他目前的文章举例说明了这一点),所有这些都构成了一个令人生畏的命题。2奥布莱恩关于工业革命的著作的决定性特征包括国家的作用,特别是在其强大的财政形式中,国家征税以支付公共产品的政治能力。3皇家海军、帝国主义和重商主义都体现在这一特点中。另一个是以全球经济等级结构历史为中心的全球化特征,其中工业革命是“漫长的十九世纪”的一个关键因素。与其讨论奥布莱恩关于工业革命的大量著作,不如在有限的篇幅内扩展奥布莱恩著作中提出的一些尚未充分发展的主要问题,这些问题对工业革命对19世纪全球经济的意义的影响也没有得到充分的探讨。这些问题是奥布莱恩对皇家海军、帝国主义和重商主义作用的强调(这并没有明确阐述大西洋经济的中心地位,这可以通过英格兰主要国家经济的比较历史来证明);内战后海军的历史(展示了英国商人在大西洋世界中的角色,奥布莱恩的叙述中没有包括这一点);“自由主义”经济历史学家对工业革命相对于所谓外围国家(尤其是亚洲)最近工业化的错误描述
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The Industrial Revolution and globalization: A discussion of Patrick O’Brien’s contribution
The sheer volume of Patrick O’Brien’s writings on the Industrial Revolution, the geographical stretch of the comparative mode of analysis employed, and the unusual effective combination of detailed political history and economic history (which his current essay exemplifies1) all these make for an intimidating proposition to discuss.2 The defining features of O’Brien’s writings on the Industrial Revolution include the role of the state, particularly, in its strong fiscal form, the political capacity of the state to collect taxes to pay for public goods.3 The Royal Navy, imperialism and mercantilism are embodied in this feature. The other is the feature of globalization centering on the history of the hierarchical structuring of the global economy, in which the Industrial Revolution was a critical factor in the ‘long nineteenth century’. Rather than discuss O’Brien’s voluminous writings on the Industrial Revolution, what this essay proposes to do in the limited space allotted is to expand upon some of the major issues raised in O’Brien’s writings that are not fully developed and whose implications for the significance of the Industrial Revolution for the nineteenth-century global economy are not sufficiently explored. These issues are O’Brien’s emphasis on the role of the Royal Navy, imperialism and mercantilism (that does not explicitly elaborate the central place of the Atlantic economy which can be demonstrated using comparative history of the economies of England’s major counties); the history of the Navy after the Civil War (showing the role of British merchants in the Atlantic world which O’Brien’s narrative does not include); mischaracterization of the Industrial Revolution relative to more recent industrializations in the so-called periphery, especially Asia, by ‘liberal’ economic historians (high wages as prime mover, labour-intensive versus capital-intensive industrialization processes, possibly
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Journal of Global History addresses the main problems of global change over time, together with the diverse histories of globalization. It also examines counter-currents to globalization, including those that have structured other spatial units. The journal seeks to transcend the dichotomy between "the West and the rest", straddle traditional regional boundaries, relate material to cultural and political history, and overcome thematic fragmentation in historiography. The journal also acts as a forum for interdisciplinary conversations across a wide variety of social and natural sciences. Published for London School of Economics and Political Science
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