推进军事地质学200年:1826年至2026年英国陆军高级地质学家

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Earth Sciences History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.17704/1944-6187-42.1.1
E. Rose
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在19世纪,地质学被英国军队视为一门军事科学,英国以外的两个地质调查部门由上尉级别的皇家工程师开创:1826年至1846年间,J.W.Pringle、J.E.Portlock和Henry James几乎先后在爱尔兰;H.G.莱昂斯从1896年到1898年在埃及,然后作为一名平民,直到1909年。第一次世界大战期间,出生于威尔士的澳大利亚人T.W.Edgeworth David和加拿大人R.W.Brock以少校军衔加入皇家工程师队,David是1916年至1919年在法国和比利时的英国陆军服役的两名地质学家中的资深地质学家,Brock在1918年至1919年间在巴勒斯坦服役。(大卫在敌对行动结束前十天被提升为中校,以示奖励)。在1939年至1945年的第二次世界大战期间,W.B.R.King、F.W.Shotton、J.V.Stephens、W.A.Macfadyen、J.L.Farrington和D.R.A.Ponsford以及南非人H.F.Frommurze和G.L.Paver(可能还有H.Digby Roberts)都在被任命为英国军队的地质学家期间获得了少校军衔,在远东地区,由A.J.Haworth少校和A.N。托马斯在E.J.Bradshaw的指导下为印度陆军服役。(1943年10月,金从陆军退伍,被任命为剑桥大学伍德沃德地质学教授,并获得晋升为中校的奖励)。在剩下的二十世纪里,N.L.Falcon、D.R.A.Ponsford、A.W.Woodland、A.F.Fox、Frank Moseley、R.M.S.Perrin、S.C.L.Hobden、L.R.M.Cocks和J.C.Eaton成为英国预备役军队的地质学家专业,五名专业晋升为地质学家中校:T.G.Miller 1964–1967年、N.F.Hughes 1967–1970年、P.I.Manning 1971–1972年、E.P.F。Rose 1978–1987(上校1987–1990)和M.S.Rosenbaum 1995–2001。此后,英国预备役军队中设立了一个地质学家中校职位,该职位由R.I.L.Dow于2006年至2011年、S.R.S.Matthews于2011年至2014年、M.H.K.Bulmer于2014年至2019年、a.G.Craig于2019年至2022年和S.R.S.马修斯于2022年起再次担任,每个人都有一个或两个地质学家专业的支持。在200年的时间里,大约有21名英国军事地质学家获得了少校的最终军衔,只有11名获得了中校的更高军衔(这是地质学家在英国陆军服役所需达到的最高军衔)。总的来说,它们有助于开拓和促进地质学的一系列创新军事应用。
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PROMOTING MILITARY GEOLOGY FOR 200 YEARS: SENIOR GEOLOGISTS OF THE BRITISH ARMY 1826 TO 2026
During the nineteenth century, geology was perceived by the British Army as a military science, and two geological survey departments outside Great Britain were pioneered by Royal Engineer officers in the rank of captain: J. W. Pringle, J. E. Portlock and Henry James nearly successively in Ireland between 1826 and 1846; H. G. Lyons in Egypt from 1896 to 1898 and then, as a civilian, until 1909. During World War I, the Welsh-born Australian T. W. Edgeworth David and the Canadian R. W. Brock served on attachment to the Royal Engineers in the rank of major, David as the senior of two geologists in appointment as such with the British Army in France and Belgium 1916–1919, Brock in Palestine 1918–1919. (David was rewarded by promotion to lieutenant-colonel ten days before the end of hostilities). During World War II, between 1939 and 1945, W. B. R. King, F. W. Shotton, J. V. Stephens, W. A. Macfadyen, J. L. Farrington and D. R. A. Ponsford plus the South Africans H. F. Frommurze and G. L. Paver (and possibly also H. Digby Roberts) all achieved the rank of major whilst in appointment as geologists serving with British forces, complemented in the Far East by Majors A. J. Haworth and A. N. Thomas supervised by E. J. Bradshaw for the Indian Army. (King was rewarded with promotion to lieutenant-colonel in October 1943, when released from the Army to take up appointment as Woodwardian Professor of Geology at the University of Cambridge). During the remaining twentieth century, N. L. Falcon, D. R. A. Ponsford, A. W. Woodland, A. F. Fox, Frank Moseley, R. M. S. Perrin, S. C. L. Hobden, L. R. M. Cocks and J. C. Eaton became geologist majors in the British reserve army, and five majors were promoted to be geologist lieutenant colonels: T. G. Miller 1964–1967, N. F. Hughes 1967–1970, P. I. Manning 1971–1972, E. P. F. Rose 1978–1987 (colonel 1987–1990) and M. S. Rosenbaum 1995–2001. Thereafter, a post for a geologist lieutenant colonel became established in the British reserve army, an appointment held by R. I. L. Dow 2006–2011, S. R. S. Matthews 2011–2014, M. H. K. Bulmer 2014– 2019, A. G. Craig 2019–2022, and S. R. S. Matthews again from 2022, each supported by one or two geologist majors. In 200 years, about 21 British military geologists achieved the final rank of major and only 11 the higher rank of lieutenant colonel (the highest rank yet to be attained by a geologist to serve operationally as such in the British Army). Overall, they helped to pioneer and to promote an innovative range of military applications of geology.
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来源期刊
Earth Sciences History
Earth Sciences History GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
CiteScore
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1
审稿时长
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期刊介绍: Earth Sciences History promotes and publishes historical work on all areas of the earth sciences – including geology, geography, geophysics, oceanography, paleontology, meteorology, and climatology. The journal honors and encourages a variety of approaches to historical study: biography, history of ideas, social history, and histories of institutions, organizations, and techniques. Articles are peer reviewed.
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