妊娠期糖尿病的筛查、诊断和治疗

IF 1.8 4区 综合性期刊 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI:10.1007/s41745-023-00376-7
Bhavadharini Balaji, Uma Ram, Viswanathan Mohan
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引用次数: 2

摘要

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期首次发现的糖耐量异常。GDM的存在与产科和新生儿并发症有关,并已被认为是母亲和婴儿未来患糖尿病和肥胖的危险因素。影响GDM发生的因素包括年龄、肥胖、糖尿病家族史和既往GDM病史。种族、多胎妊娠和多囊卵巢的存在是GDM的其他危险因素。GDM有几种筛查和诊断标准。最被广泛接受的是国际糖尿病和妊娠研究小组协会(IADPSG)的标准,该标准建议在24-28周进行单步75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验。为了保证正常的血糖水平,降低妊娠期糖尿病的死亡率和发病率,妊娠期糖尿病的管理和产后随访是非常必要的。在这篇综述中,我们提出了一些与产后检测相关的关键问题,并强调了一些解决这些问题的策略。我们还介绍了从印度妇女与GDM战略项目中获得的一些经验,该项目开发了一个在资源有限的情况下护理GDM的模式。作为实施护理模式的一部分,采取了几项策略,对患有GDM的妇女进行了95.8%的产后随访。
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Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance recognized first during pregnancy. Presence of GDM has been associated with obstetric and neonatal complications and has been recognized as a risk factor for future risk of diabetes and obesity in both mother and baby. The factors that play a role in development of GDM, include age, obesity, family history of diabetes, and previous history of GDM. Ethnicity, multi-fetal pregnancies, and presence of polycystic ovaries are some other risk factors for GDM. There are several screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM. The most widely accepted is the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria which recommends a single step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks. To ensure normal glucose levels and reduce mortality and morbidity due to GDM, management of GDM during pregnancy and postpartum follow up are very essential. In this review, we present some key issues related to postpartum testing and have highlighted some strategies to tackle the same. We also present some learnings from the Women in India with GDM Strategy project, which developed a model of care for GDM in resource constrained settings. As part of the implementation of the model of care, several strategies were adopted that led to a 95.8% postpartum follow up of women with GDM.

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来源期刊
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Started in 1914 as the second scientific journal to be published from India, the Journal of the Indian Institute of Science became a multidisciplinary reviews journal covering all disciplines of science, engineering and technology in 2007. Since then each issue is devoted to a specific topic of contemporary research interest and guest-edited by eminent researchers. Authors selected by the Guest Editor(s) and/or the Editorial Board are invited to submit their review articles; each issue is expected to serve as a state-of-the-art review of a topic from multiple viewpoints.
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