伊斯兰、技术、流通和阿里·穆巴拉克的《阿拉姆·迪恩》(1882)中的全球人文主义想象

IF 0.3 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nineteenth-Century Contexts-An Interdisciplinary Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI:10.1080/08905495.2023.2188825
Mona El-Sherif
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在19世纪,蒸汽船、火车和电报改变了空间和时间的社会体验,导致了世界上以前不同地区之间的同时感和接近感的发展(Kern 1983)。1822年,第一家阿拉伯语出版社在开罗布尔亚克成立后不久,埃及就开始使用火车、轮船和电报等旅行和通信技术。现代化努力和殖民利益都加速了该国电线杆和火车连接的激增(Barak,2013年)。先前的研究表明,这些新技术如何促进了政治集权,并促进了一个新生的公共领域的发展,为埃及国家的新概念提供了信息(Fahmy 2014,20)。然而,不太为人所知的是这些旅行和通信技术对19世纪埃及文化和艺术创新的影响。在埃及现代化者alīMubārak pasha(1823–1893)撰写的虚构作品《阿拉姆·迪恩》中,技术和信息之间的互文联系塑造了他的叙事写作方法。ʿAlam al-Dīn的风格和内容象征着19世纪埃及作家运用阿拉伯世界知识的创新方式,以应对新技术的扩散所带来的前所未有的同时性和接近性,预示着全球人类历史的新阶段。在这篇文章中,我分析了ʿAlam al-Dīn如何说明19世纪萌芽的阿拉伯叙事话语与新媒体的扩散之间的联系,新媒体扩大了埃及和阿拉伯世界的传播网络。我认为Mubārak在文本中的伪虚构翻译项目强调了埃及-阿拉伯语境中物质性、文本表现和对信息的关注之间的新联系。ʿAlam al-Dīn反映了一种新的现实主义叙事模式的发展,这种模式优先于依赖艺术魔法和语言技巧的阿拉伯古典叙事模式的独特风格的可验证性和合理性(El Sherif 2018)。然而,尽管Alam al-Dīn关注信息,但它反映了阿拉伯本土文学形式的影响,如史诗[sira]和流浪汉[maqāmmah],根据穆罕默德·萨拉赫·奥姆里的说法,这些文学形式在现代塑造了阿拉伯语和其他中东小说(2007323)。在Alam al-Dīn的框架叙事中,印刷媒体、电报传输和蒸汽机等新技术为两位主要主角之间的对话提供了信息
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Islam, technology, circulation, and the global humanist imaginary in ʿAli Mubārak's ʿAlam al-Dīn (1882)
In the nineteenth century, steamers, trains, and telegraphs altered the social experience of space and time, leading to the development of a sense of simultaneity and proximity among previously disparate parts of the world (Kern 1983). In Egypt technologies of travel and communication such as trains, steamers, and telegraphs were implemented shortly after the inauguration of the first Arabic press in Bulāq, Cairo in 1822. Both modernization efforts and colonial interests accelerated the proliferation of telegraph poles and train connections in the country (Barak 2013). Previous studies illustrate how those new technologies facilitated political centralization and enabled the development of a nascent public sphere that informed new notions of nationhood in Egypt (Fahmy 2014, 20). Less commonly known, however, is the impact of those technologies of travel and communication on cultural and artistic innovations in nineteenth-century Egypt. In the fictional account, ʿAlam al-Dīn, written by the Egyptian modernizer ʿAlī Mubārak pasha (1823–1893), the intertextual link between technology and information shapes his approach to narrative writing. ʿAlam al-Dīn’s style and content are emblematic of the innovative ways in which nineteenth-century Egyptian authors deployed ArabIslamic knowledge to address the unprecedented sense of simultaneity and proximity that resulted from the proliferation of new technologies heralding a new stage of global human history. In this essay, I analyze how ʿAlam al-Dīn illustrates the links between the embryonic nineteenth-century Arabic narrative discourse and the proliferation of new media that expanded the reach of networks of circulation in Egypt and the Arab world. I argue that Mubārak’s pseudo-fictional translation project in the text underscores the new links between materiality, textual representation, and the concern with information in the Egyptian-Arabic context. ʿAlam al-Dīn reflects the development of a new realist mode of narrative representation that privileged verifiability and plausibility over the distinctive style of classical Arabic narrative modes that relied on artistic wizardry and linguistic craftsmanship (El-Sherif 2018). And yet, despite its concern with information, ʿAlam al-Dīn reflects the influence of indigenous Arabic literary forms such as the epic [sira] and the picaresque [maqāmmah] that, according to Mohamed-Salah Omri, shaped Arabic and other Middle Eastern novels in the modern period (2007, 323). In Alam al-Dīn’s frame narrative, new technologies of print media, telegraphic transmission, and steamers inform the dialogs between the two main protagonists, an
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Nineteenth-Century Contexts is committed to interdisciplinary recuperations of “new” nineteenth centuries and their relation to contemporary geopolitical developments. The journal challenges traditional modes of categorizing the nineteenth century by forging innovative contextualizations across a wide spectrum of nineteenth century experience and the critical disciplines that examine it. Articles not only integrate theories and methods of various fields of inquiry — art, history, musicology, anthropology, literary criticism, religious studies, social history, economics, popular culture studies, and the history of science, among others.
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