煤炭的诅咒还是外围国家的诅咒?能源转型与捷克煤矿及后矿区的社会经济转型

IF 1.8 2区 社会学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Moravian Geographical Reports Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.2478/mgr-2022-0016
Bohumil Frantál, Jindřich Frajer, Stanislav Martinát, Lucia Brisudová
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要本文提出了能源转型背景下资源诅咒和区域韧性理论的新经验证据。我们的分析旨在回答以下问题:煤矿开采与捷克共和国其他地区之间的主要差异是什么,以及人口下降、失业和民粹主义作为社会经济转型的一些关键指标的决定因素是什么。与目前大多数专注于NUTS2或NUTS3地区的欧洲研究不同,我们处理的是地区(LAU1)的数据。分析显示,(总的来说)煤矿和后矿区在空气质量、人口活力、劳动力市场和社会资本指标方面的情况更糟。然而,将煤矿开采和采后地区视为同质类别对政策影响来说是有问题的,因为大多数指标存在显著的组间和组内差异。事实证明,煤矿开采本身及其衰落并不是人口流失、失业和民粹主义支持的直接决定因素。显著影响这些现象的因素是地理(周边、城市化、人口密度)和社会经济(教育水平、商业活动)。在这方面,提出了一个具有挑衅性的问题:在多大程度上以现有的工业生产结构和人口规模为煤矿区提供经济支持是有效和可持续的,以及当前的重新耕种和人口减少过程是否可以被视为一个自然过程。煤矿区在风能实施方面处于领先地位,这一事实可能被视为积极的,但这引发了对可再生能源发展的空间集中性和环境公正性的质疑。
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The curse of coal or peripherality? Energy transitions and the socioeconomic transformation of Czech coal mining and post-mining regions
Abstract New empirical evidence regarding theories of the resource curse and regional resilience in the context of energy transitions is presented in this article. Our analysis aimed to answer the questions of what the principal differences are between coal mining and other regions in the Czech Republic, and what are the determinants of population decline, unemployment and populism as some of the key indicators of socioeconomic transformation. Unlike most current European studies focusing on NUTS2 or NUTS3 regions, we deal with data for districts (LAU1). The analysis revealed that (in aggregate) coal mining and post-mining districts are worse off in terms of air quality, population vitality, labour market and social capital indicators. It would be problematic for policy implications to consider coal mining and post-mining districts as homogenous categories, however, since there are significant inter-group and intra-group differences in most indicators. Coal mining itself and its decline did not prove to be a direct determinant of population loss, unemployment, and support for populism. The factors significantly affecting these phenomena are geographical (peripherality, urbanisation, population density) and socioeconomic (education level, business activity). In this respect, a provocative question is offered: to what extent is it effective and sustainable to economically support coal mining regions in their existing industrial production structures and population scales, and whether the current processes of reterritorialisation and depopulation can be considered a natural process. The fact that coal mining districts are at the forefront in the implementation of wind energy may be seen as positive, but it raises questions about spatial concentration, and the environmental justice of renewable energy development.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Moravian Geographical Reports je mezinárodní časopis, publikovaný v anglickém jazyce od roku 1993 Ústavem geoniky Akademie věd ČR. Publikuje příspěvky geografů a odborníků příbuzných disciplin včetně geověd a geoekologie, které mají výraznou regionální orientaci. Základní otázku, před níž stojí v současné době tito odborníci, lze položit následovně: „Jaká je úloha regionů a lokalit v globalizované společnosti, daném geografickém měřítku a jak ji můžeme hodnotit?“
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