Beyond Toxic Masculinity: Reading and Writing Men in Post-Apartheid Namibia

Over the past few years, the term ‘toxic masculinity’ has entered public debate in Namibia as a way to describe apparently problematic forms of masculine behaviour, particularly in the light of high levels of gender-based violence. Originating in Western discourse, the term itself is difficult as it can stifle meaningful and transformative conversations concerning men. Describing ‘toxic masculinity’ as a trope, and indicating that tropes of violence have been used and politicised before, this article proposes a different way of reading men: via the mask. To do this, the ‘tropological place’ is introduced as a space of intimacy and trust, in which the kinds of masks that men wear become visible. Although the introduction of ‘toxic masculinity’ into debates around masculinities in Namibia should be acknowledged as an important starting point for conversations, this article urges researchers to think beyond it, encouraging more lateral relations with those that we research.