The bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of allotments in downtown Lisbon

. In the last ten years, a growing number of studies have focused on urban green areas as potential refuges for biodiversity, where private gardens, urban parks and green roofs have relatively high diversities of wild bees. However, the western Mediterranean is still poorly studied and is a biodiversity hotspot that is already suffering the consequences of climate change. It is essential to rectify this and understand how urban settings can support biodiversity. In this context, this study provides an assessment of the taxonomic and functional composition of bee assemblages in three allotments in downtown Lisbon, Portugal. Using only an entomological net, we collected 202 specimens from April to July 2018, belonging to fi ve families, 20 genera and 58 species, of which six are rare species in Portugal and nine fi rst records for the Lisbon district. Megachilidae was the most diverse family, comprising 15 species, while Apidae was the most abundant family. Most of the species identi fi ed were solitary and had a generalist pollen diet, with a low incidence of social and parasitic species.