Exsolved materials for CO2 reduction in high-temperature electrolysis cells

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ into valuable fuels and chemicals has become a contemporary research area, where the heterogeneous catalyst plays a critical role. Metal nanoparticles supported on oxides performing as active sites of electrochemical reactions have been the focus of intensive investigation. Here, we review the CO₂ reduction with active materials prepared by exsolution. The fundamental of exsolution was summarized in terms of mechanism and models, materials, and driven forces. The advances in the exsolved materials used in high-temperature CO₂ electrolysis were catalogued into tailored interfaces, synergistic effects on alloy particles, phase transition, reversibility and electrochemical switching.