澳大利亚牡蛎新出现的疾病、气候变化的挑战和不确定的未来

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Australian Zoologist Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI:10.7882/az.2023.015
E. Scanes, W. O'Connor, J. Seymour, N. Siboni, L. Parker, P. Ross
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引用次数: 0

摘要

牡蛎是一种珍贵的标志性海鲜,深深植根于澳大利亚文化。然而,牡蛎一直容易感染疾病,疾病爆发导致大规模死亡事件,牡蛎养殖业经常为此损失数百万美元,并影响生计。值得注意的是,有证据表明,气候变化正在迅速导致新疾病的出现,同时扩大了现有疾病的影响。这是因为沿海和河口栖息地的变暖、酸化和清新正在影响疾病的三个轴;宿主、外部环境和病原体。在这里,我们探讨了气候变化可能如何影响澳大利亚牡蛎养殖的所有三个疾病轴。气候变化正在影响牡蛎的生理机能,导致免疫防御能力减弱,从而增加了对病毒和细菌感染的易感性。例如,有证据表明,最近的暴雨事件先于河口的牡蛎病。此外,气候变化正在增加细菌和病毒病原体的丰度和毒力,可能导致新疾病进入新的栖息地。为了保持可行性,我们建议澳大利亚牡蛎行业需要加强目前正在进行的选择性养殖计划,使产品多样化,并对新出现的疾病进行研究,以确保该行业的韧性。
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Emerging diseases in Australian oysters and the challenges of climate change and uncertain futures
Oysters are a valuable and iconic seafood, deeply rooted in Australian culture. However, oysters have always been vulnerable to disease, with disease outbreaks leading to mass mortality events that regularly cost the oyster aquaculture industry millions of dollars and affect livelihoods. Notably, there is evidence that climate change is rapidly causing the emergence of new diseases alongside the amplification of impacts of existing diseases. This is because warming, acidification and freshening of coastal and estuarine habitats is affecting the three axes of disease; the host, the external environment and the pathogens. Here we explore how climate change is likely to impact all three axes of disease in Australian oyster aquaculture. Climate change is affecting oyster physiology, leading to weaker immune defences that allow for increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. For example, there is evidence that recent heavy rain events precede oyster disease in estuaries. In addition, climate change is increasing the abundance and virulence of bacterial and viral pathogens, potentially resulting in the introduction of novel disease into new habitats. In order to remain viable, we suggest that the Australian oyster industry needs to enhance selective breeding programs currently underway with a diversification of products and research on emerging diseases to ensure resilience in the sector.
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来源期刊
Australian Zoologist
Australian Zoologist Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Royal Zoological Society publishes a fully refereed scientific journal, Australian Zoologist, specialising in topics relevant to Australian zoology. The Australian Zoologist was first published by the Society in 1914, making it the oldest Australian journal specialising in zoological topics. The scope of the journal has increased substantially in the last 20 years, and it now attracts papers on a wide variety of zoological, ecological and environmentally related topics. The RZS also publishes, as books, and the outcome of forums, which are run annually by the Society.
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