关于大质量恒星周围风吹气泡的演化和热气体——风吹气泡并不节能

IF 3.2 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Galaxies Pub Date : 2023-06-19 DOI:10.3390/galaxies11030078
V. Dwarkadas
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大质量恒星周围的风吹气泡(WBBs)的结构和演化主要是用一种节能的风吹气泡模型来研究的。虽然这个模型在解释演化的一般性质方面是有用的,但仍然存在一些问题,包括观测到的风光度与使用这个公式得出的风光度之间的不一致。与模型相比,主要的困难包括低x射线温度和x射线亮度。在本文中,我们利用已发表的风吹气泡电离气体动力学模拟,重新研究了大质量恒星周围wbs的演化、动力学和运动学。我们表明,由于泡内存在各种不稳定性和湍流,wbs可以有效冷却。wbs的扩展更符合动量守恒解,而不是能量守恒解。这与观测到的风泡的动力学和运动学相比较。尽管气泡冷却了,但激波风温度并没有降低到观测值。我们认为,x射线辐射主要来自热激风区域的团块和细丝,温度略高于106 K。其余的血浆也能起到较小的作用。
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On the Evolution of, and Hot Gas in, Wind-Blown Bubbles around Massive Stars - Wind Bubbles Are Not Energy-Conserving
The structure and evolution of wind-blown bubbles (WBBs) around massive stars has primarily been investigated using an energy-conserving model of wind-blown bubbles. While this model is useful in explaining the general properties of the evolution, several problems remain, including inconsistencies between observed wind luminosities and those derived using this formulation. Major difficulties include the low X-ray temperature and X-ray luminosity, compared to the model. In this paper, we re-examine the evolution, dynamics, and kinematics of WBBs around massive stars, using published ionization gasdynamic simulations of wind-blown bubbles. We show that WBBs can cool efficiently due to the presence of various instabilities and turbulence within the bubble. The expansion of WBBs is more consistent with a momentum-conserving solution, rather than an energy-conserving solution. This compares well with the dynamics and kinematics of observed wind bubbles. Despite the cooling of the bubble, the shocked wind temperature is not reduced to the observed values. We argue that the X-ray emission arise mainly from clumps and filaments within the hot shocked wind region, with temperatures just above 106 K. The remainder of the plasma can contribute to a lesser extent.
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来源期刊
Galaxies
Galaxies Physics and Astronomy-Astronomy and Astrophysics
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
12.00%
发文量
100
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Es una revista internacional de acceso abierto revisada por pares que proporciona un foro avanzado para estudios relacionados con astronomía, astrofísica y cosmología. Areas temáticas Astronomía Astrofísica Cosmología Astronomía observacional: radio, infrarrojo, óptico, rayos X, neutrino, etc. Ciencia planetaria Equipos y tecnologías de astronomía. Ingeniería Aeroespacial Análisis de datos astronómicos. Astroquímica y Astrobiología. Arqueoastronomía Historia de la astronomía y cosmología. Problemas filosóficos en cosmología.
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