体育教育和学童健康的卫生方面

J. D. Svystun, V. Trach, Kh. E. Shavel, J. M. Kukujuk
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目的:分析乌克兰中学体育教学现状,观察体育课卫生要求。资料:参加本研究的是在校学生(n=40,年龄在12-13岁)和专门体育课的学生(n=40,年龄在14-16岁)。研究对象:身体健康水平;呼吸和心血管系统功能状态;儿童机体能量供给状况;手机游戏对儿童身体机能的影响。为了研究体育锻炼对儿童肌肉系统发育的影响,研究了尿中肌酐的排泄。结果:年轻球员的身体和功能状态明显偏高。这些数据明显高于来自非体育班的同龄人的类似数据。在系统训练和比赛过程中,赛季末肌酐排泄量下降至0.8 g/l。这些变化表明能量资源的减少,与年轻球员快速素质的下降(作为整体身体健康的衡量标准)是一致的。在这组学生中,有2-4%的课程在课堂上:主要是因为感冒。在普通学校的学童中,身体发育和功能状况指标明显较差。肺活量指标为3500 ~ 3800 ml,患儿30 m跑程为5.5±0.4 s。电刷测功机的指标为35±1.8 kg。计量负荷后的心率恢复结果为2 ~ 3分钟。12%的学童体重不足。有18%的学龄儿童超重。结论:在儿童发病结构中,呼吸道疾病、胃肠道疾病和眼部疾病的发病率较高。因此,在进行体育训练时,应该考虑到这些数据。还必须考虑到个人的身体健康水平,这导致了剧烈运动活动的安全区域。
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HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH OF SCHOOLCHILDREN
Aim: to analyze the state of physical education in secondary schools of Ukraine and to observe hygienic requirements during physical education lessons. Material: the study was attended by schoolchildren (n=40, age - 12-13 years) and schoolchildren of specialized sports classes (n=40, age - 14-16 years). Studied: the level of physical health; functional state of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; the state of energy supply of children’s organism; the influence of mobile games on the functional capabilities of the body of children. To study the effects of physical exercises on the development of the muscular system of children, excretion of creatinine with urine was studied. Results: high levels of physical and functional status of young players are noticed. These data are significantly higher than similar data from their peers from non-sports classes. In the course of systematic training and competitions, excretion of creatinine decreases at the end of the season to 0.8 g/l. These changes point to a decrease in energy resources and are consistent with a decrease in the rapid qualities of young players (as a measure of overall physical fitness). In this group of pupils, there were 2-4% lessons in the classes: mostly because of colds. In schoolchildren of ordinary schools, indicators of physical development and functional status were significantly worse. The indicators of the lung capacity were 3500-3800 ml. The distance of 30 m children ran for 5,5±0,4 seconds. The index of the brush dynamometer was 35±1,8 kg. The results of the recovery of the heart rate after the metered loading were from 2 to 3 minutes. There is a shortage of body weight in 12% of schoolchildren. There is an overweight in 1,8% of schoolchildren. Conclusions: in the structure of children’s morbidity a high level of respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract, and eyes is allocated. Therefore, when taking physical training, such data should be taken into account. It is also necessary to take into account the level of individual somatic health, which leads to a safe area of intense motor activity.
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