New eigenvalue estimates involving Bessel functions

Given a compact Riemannian manifold (M n , g) with boundary ∂M , we give an estimate for the quotient ∂M f dµ g M f dµ g , where f is a smooth positive function defined on M that satisfies some inequality involving the scalar Laplacian. By the mean value lemma established in [37], we provide a differential inequality for f which, under some curvature assumptions, can be interpreted in terms of Bessel functions. As an application of our main result, a direct proof is given of the Faber-Krahn inequalities for Dirichlet and Robin Laplacian. Also, a new estimate is established for the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator that involves a positive root of Bessel function besides the scalar curvature. Independently, we extend the Robin Laplacian on functions to differential forms. We prove that this natural extension defines a self-adjoint and elliptic operator whose spectrum is discrete and consists of positive real eigenvalues. In particular, we characterize its first eigenvalue and provide a lower bound of it in terms of Bessel functions.