Effectiveness monitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon restoration projects in south Lake Washington, Washington State

Abstract Tabor RA, Liermann MC, Gearns HA, Moore ZJ, Lynch KD, Kurko K, Crittenden J, Shoemaker ME. 2022. Effectiveness monitoring of juvenile Chinook salmon restoration projects in south Lake Washington, Washington State. Lake Reserv Manage. 38:180–196. We evaluated 4 large restoration projects in south Lake Washington that were designed to improve nearshore habitat for lake-rearing juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Restoration projects included shoreline modification, substrate enhancement, addition of engineered log jams (ELJs), and nonnatal tributary improvements. For most projects, we used a BACI (before-after-control-impact) study design. Projects were evaluated by determining the nighttime abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon through visual observations (primarily snorkeling with some surface observations in small nonnatal tributaries). Juvenile Chinook salmon are typically concentrated in the south end of the lake near their natal stream, and the project that was the farthest away from the natal stream did not appear to be beneficial, likely because few Chinook salmon were present. The highest observed abundance of juvenile Chinook salmon was associated with ELJs, where the abundance in February to April was typically 2 to 5 times higher than along adjacent, open shorelines. From January to April, juvenile Chinook salmon were usually more abundant in a daylighted nonnatal tributary (i.e., reconfigured from an unusable underground culvert to a more natural stream channel at the surface) than in 2 reference sites. Overall, all 4 project types improved juvenile use of the restored area, with substrate enhancement generally having the weakest response and ELJs the strongest response. Although most restoration projects for salmonids in the Pacific Northwest have focused on lotic systems, our results suggest projects in lentic systems may also be beneficial and should be considered by land-use managers. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2022.2027054 .