3D quantitative coronary angiography based vessel FFR: clinical evidence and future perspectives

Endorsed by the current clinical practice guidelines, the indication to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of intermediate coronary stenosis should be guided by either fractional flow reserve (FFR) or instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) if evidence of ischemia is lacking. 1 Despite these clear recommendations, the uptake of physiology in clinical practice remains low supporting the development of new non-invasive tools that no longer mandate the need for dedicated coronary guidewires or microcatheters along with the need to administer hyperemic agents in case of FFR. 1