Percepción y planificación del turismo sostenible en comunidades indígenas de México

The study shows the necessity of preserving the cultural richness of ethnic groups when in their own communities some touristic activities that endanger their identity as local cultures and preservers of their traditions and mother tongues are carried out. This is the case of Maya Chontal communities in Nacajuca, Tabasco, Mexico, where ancient traditions like Chontal language and the elaboration of art crafts are preserved. The aim of this work is to analyze the level of active participation of ethnic groups in four communities that belong to corridor Biji Yokotan in which the local people are considered part of the touristic offer. The methodology used has a mixed approach and the collection of data included direct observation, exploratory interviews, and surveys with opinion probing. The sample was determined through a random sampling in each community using an estimated rate, which result was the application of 304 questionnaires in the communities of study. Results show that in those communities the practice of sustainable tourism is not promoted. Even some artisans remain as spectators of the touristic product developed in their communities. Thus, this study demonstrates the absent of a planned touristic offer as well as the lack of awareness and participation of the majority of the local population.