国际主义的亲密劳动:母亲主义人道主义者和二十世纪中期的计划生育运动

IF 1.7 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of Global History Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI:10.1017/S1740022821000309
N. Bourbonnais
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文回顾了高层政治和最杰出的活动家,探讨了国际计划生育联合会(IPPF)在其存在的第一个十年(1952-62)中中层实地工作者每天建立国际运动的亲密实践。它说明了实地工作人员和IPPF面向从业者的通讯《环游世界》如何试图弥合计划生育运动的意识形态和地理多样性,并通过情感纽带和妇女志愿服务加强对痛苦、爱和全球人性的情感叙述,与世界各地的倡导者建立联系。因此,全球计划生育的故事不仅必须被视为优生学、人口控制和女权主义历史的一部分,而且还必须被视为母亲主义人道主义更长期轨迹的一部分。这种20世纪中期的母性人道主义建立在早期传统的基础上,但也纳入了人权概念、对占主导地位的性别和性规范的批评,以及在非殖民化运动背景下对地方自决的官方承诺。尽管如此,该组织仍受到影响人道主义的一些更广泛问题的困扰,包括难以摆脱殖民主义话语,根深蒂固的种族优越感,以及试图在一个政治复杂的世界中强加一种不可能实现的政治中立理想所固有的矛盾。因此,从这一角度审视全球计划生育的历史,有助于我们理解中层行动者为其工作带来的不同传统、亲密关系和实际经验,如何在高层政治和意识形态行动主义之外,塑造更广泛的国际运动建设进程。
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The intimate labour of internationalism: maternalist humanitarians and the mid-twentieth century family planning movement
This article moves past high politics and the most prominent activists to explore the daily, intimate practice of international movement building by mid-level fieldworkers within the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) during its first decade of existence (1952–62). It illustrates how fieldworkers and the IPPF’s practitioner-oriented newsletter Around the World attempted to bridge the ideological and geographic diversity of the family planning movement and connect with advocates around the world through an emotive narrative of suffering, love, and global humanity, reinforced by affective bonds and women’s volunteerism. The story of global family planning must thus be seen not only as part of the history of eugenics, population control, and feminism, but also as part of the longer trajectory of maternalist humanitarianism. This mid-twentieth century version of maternalist humanitarianism built on earlier traditions but also incorporated concepts of human rights, critiques of dominant gender and sexual norms, and an official commitment to local self-determination in the context of decolonization movements. Still, the organization was plagued by the problems that shape humanitarianism more broadly, including the difficulty of moving past colonialist discourses, deeply rooted feelings of racial superiority, and the contradictions inherent in attempts to impose an impossible ideal of political neutrality in a politically complex world. Looking at the history of global family planning from this perspective thus helps us understand how the different traditions, intimate relationships, and practical experiences mid-level actors bring to their work shape the broader process of international movement building, beyond high-level political and ideological activism.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
5.30%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Journal of Global History addresses the main problems of global change over time, together with the diverse histories of globalization. It also examines counter-currents to globalization, including those that have structured other spatial units. The journal seeks to transcend the dichotomy between "the West and the rest", straddle traditional regional boundaries, relate material to cultural and political history, and overcome thematic fragmentation in historiography. The journal also acts as a forum for interdisciplinary conversations across a wide variety of social and natural sciences. Published for London School of Economics and Political Science
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